Zhang, Bo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4381-1124
Fong, Youyi
Fintzi, Jonathan
Chu, Eric
Janes, Holly E.
Kenny, Avi
Carone, Marco https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2106-0953
Benkeser, David https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1019-8343
van der Laan, Lars W. P.
Deng, Weiping
Zhou, Honghong
Wang, Xiaowei
Lu, Yiwen
Yu, Chenchen
Borate, Bhavesh
Chen, Haiyan
Reeder, Isabel https://orcid.org/0009-0009-0374-6768
Carpp, Lindsay N. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0333-5925
Houchens, Christopher R.
Martins, Karen
Jayashankar, Lakshmi
Huynh, Chuong
Fichtenbaum, Carl J. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6778-7253
Kalams, Spyros https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0098-7995
Gay, Cynthia L. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3620-3059
Andrasik, Michele P.
Kublin, James G.
Corey, Lawrence https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2179-2436
Neuzil, Kathleen M. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9480-2714
Priddy, Frances
Das, Rituparna
Girard, Bethany
El Sahly, Hana M. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0489-0074
Baden, Lindsey R. https://orcid.org/0009-0004-1752-1926
Jones, Thomas
Donis, Ruben O. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6137-8312
Koup, Richard A.
Gilbert, Peter B. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2662-9427
Follmann, Dean https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4073-0393
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van der Laan, Lars W. P.
Article History
Received: 26 February 2024
Accepted: 4 September 2024
First Online: 11 September 2024
Competing interests
: All authors have completed the ICMJE uniform disclosure form at and declare: W.D., H.Z., X.W., F.P., R.D., and B.G. are employed by Moderna Inc. and have stock or stock options in Moderna Inc. H.E.J. serves/served as an unpaid member within the past 36 months as a DSMB member for a Phase II monkeypox vaccine study (DMID) and for a Phase I oral cholera vaccine study (DMID). M.C. reports an honorarium for service within the past 36 months on a grant review panel for the National Comprehensive Cancer Network and Pfizer. C.J.F. reports grants to his institution within the past 36 months from Gilead Sciences, ViiV Healthcare, and Merck, as well as payment for advisory board participation within the past 36 months from ViiV Healthcare and Theratechnologies, Inc. K.M.N. reports grants to her institution within the past 36 months from Pfizer to conduct clinical trials of COVID-19 vaccines, but K.M.N. receives no salary support from these grants. K.M.N. reports a grant from Vaxco within the past 36 months for phase 1 testing of a broadly reactive COVID-19 vaccine. F.P. was a member of the CEPI Scientific Advisory Board within the past 36 months and reports support from Moderna, Inc. for attending meetings and/or travel within the past 36 months. Within the past 36 months, L.R.B. was involved in HIV and SARS-CoV-2 vaccine clinical trials conducted in collaboration with the NIH, HIV Vaccine Trials Network (HVTN), Covid Vaccine Prevention Network (CoVPN), International AIDS Vaccine Initiative (IAVI), Crucell/Janssen, Moderna, Military HIV Research Program (MHRP), the Gates Foundation, and Harvard Medical School; as well as participated on a DSMB for the NIH and an AMDAC Committee for the FDA. P.B.G. served as an unpaid member of the Moderna Zika Vaccine Scientific Advisory Board within the past 36 months. All authors declare no other support from any commercial entity for the submitted work; no other financial relationships with any commercial entities that might have an interest in the submitted work in the past 36 months, and no other relationships or activities within the past 36 months that could appear to have influenced the submitted work.