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Article History

Received: 19 January 2024

Accepted: 24 September 2024

First Online: 21 October 2024

Competing interests

: A.L., S.C., R.B.S., and V.E.V. are inventors on patent applications submitted by Johns Hopkins University related to cell-free DNA for cancer detection. A.L., S.C., N.C.D., and R.B.S. are founders of DELFI Diagnostics, and R.B.S. is a consultant for this organization. V.E.V. is a founder of DELFI Diagnostics, serves on the Board of Directors, and owns DELFI Diagnostics stock, which is subject to certain restrictions under university policy. Additionally, Johns Hopkins University owns equity in DELFI Diagnostics. V.E.V. divested his equity in Personal Genome Diagnostics (PGDx) to LabCorp in February 2022. V.E.V. is an inventor on patent applications submitted by Johns Hopkins University related to cancer genomic analyses and cell-free DNA for cancer detection that have been licensed to one or more entities, including DELFI Diagnostics, LabCorp, Qiagen, Sysmex, Agios, Genzyme, Esoterix, Ventana, and ManaT Bio. Under the terms of these license agreements, the University and inventors are entitled to fees and royalty distributions. V.E.V. is an advisor to Viron Therapeutics and Epitope. These arrangements have been reviewed and approved by Johns Hopkins University in accordance with its conflict-of-interest policies. R.J.A.F. reports support from DELFI Diagnostics during the conduct of the study, as well as public- private partnership grants and other support from DELFI Diagnostics, Personal Genome Diagnostics, Cergentis BV, Natera and Merck BV outside the submitted work; in addition, R.J.A.F. has several patents pending. L.R., Z.L.S., B.A., J.C., K.L, L.K.M., C.P., T.W., E.P., and P.B.B., own DELFI Diagnostics stock. The remaining authors declare no competing interests.