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Article History

Received: 18 July 2024

Accepted: 7 October 2024

First Online: 30 December 2024

Competing interests

: C.J., J.S., J.H.B., and C.S. were employees of Bellicum Pharmaceuticals at the time of the study conduct and manuscript preparation. M.S. consulting or advisory role: Merck Sharp & Dohme, Exelixis, Xencor Research, Janssen Oncology, Vaccitech, Bristol-Myers Squibb/Medarex; research funding: Bellicum Pharmaceuticals, Oncoceutics, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Janseen Oncology, Medivation/Astellas, Advaxis, Suzhou Kintor Pharmaceuticals, Harpoon, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Genocea Biosciences, Lilly, Nektar, Seattle Genetics, Xencor, Tmunity, Exelixis, Regeneron, Bicycle Therapeutics, AstraZeneca. E.D. research or grant funding: Bayer HealthCare Pharmaceuticals Inc., Immunocore LTD., Amgen, Aileron Therapeutics, Compugen Ltd., TRACON Pharmaceuticals Inc., Unum Therapeutics, Gilead Immunomedics, BOLT Therapeutics, Aprea Therapeutics, Bellicum Pharmaceuticals, PMV Pharma, Triumvira Immunologics, Seagen Inc., Mereo BioPharma 5 Inc., Sanofi, Rain Oncology, Astex Therapeutics, Sotio, Poseida, Mersana Therapeutics, Genentech, Boehringer Ingelheim, Dragonfly Therapeutics. Advisory board: BOLT Therapeutics, Mersana Therapeutics, Orum Therapeutics, Summit Therapeutics, PMV Pharma. Speaker: PMV Pharma; travel, accommodations, expenses: ASCO, LFSA Association, Rain Oncology, Banner MD Anderson Cancer Center, Triumvira Immunologics. W.S. has served as a paid consultant (DSMB) for AstraZeneca, Merck, Pfizer, Treadwell Therapeutics; consultant (other): AstraZeneca, Caremark/CVS, EMA Wellness, Fortress Biotech; Speakers Bureau: CME providers (sponsorship unknown): Dava Oncology, Global Academy for Medical Education, OncLive, PeerView, Research to Practice, Vindico; Grant/research support (to institution): Abbvie, Amgen, AstraZeneca, Astellas (Medivation), Bayer, Bristol-Myers-Squibb, Boehringer Ingelheim, Calithera, Clovis, Corvus, Eisai, Exilixis, Genentech (Roche), Johnson & Johnson (Janssen), Merck, Novartis, Pfizer, Seattle Genetics, X4Pharmaceuticals, Xencor; Stockholder: Fortress Biotech; Expert Witness: Apotex, DRL, Mylan, Sandoz; Miscellaneous/Editorial: Cancer (ACS), Up-To-Date, Kidney Cancer Journal. B.A.T. has served as a paid consultant/advisor to Seagen, Exelixis, Lilly, and Sanofi; grant reviewer for Pfizer; and has received research funding (to his institution) from Bristol-Myers Squibb and Bellicum Pharmaceuticals. R.R. has acted as a consultant for Atara Biotherapeutics, Capstan Therapeutics, Gilead Sciences, Incyte Corporation, Instil Bio, Jasper Therapeutics, Midatech Pharma US Inc., Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Synthekine, Takeda Oncology, TScan. He has served as an expert witness for Bayer CropScience; Travel has been provided by Gilead and Incyte; Additionally, he serves on the End Point Review Committee for OrcaBio and Data and Safety Monitoring for Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania. He holds two US patents for methods for treating graft-versus-host disease (US 83/139,490 and US 81/731, 943). M.G.: Speakers’ Bureau—BMS, Lilly, Merck; Advisory board: Sanofi; Consultant: Merck, Celularity, Guardant. He has received research funding from: Acerta Pharma; Adlai Nortye; Arcus Biosciences; Array BioPharma; Bayer; Bellicum Pharmaceuticals; BMS; Boehringer Ingelheim; Celgene; Checkpoint Therapeutics; Compass Therapeutics; Constellation Pharmaceuticals; Cullinan Oncology; Cyteir; Daiichi Sankyo Company; Eisai; EMD Serono; EMD Serono; Erasca, Inc; Fate Therapeutics; Georgetown Univ.; GlaxoSmithKline; GSB Pharma; Hackensack Meridian Health; Imugene; Incyte; Infinity Pharmaceuticals; ITeos Therapeutics; Janssen; Johnson & Johnson; KSQ Therapeutics; MedImmune; Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center; Merck; Millennium; Mirati Therapeutics; Moderna Therapeutics; NextCure; Nimbus Therapeutics; Pfizer; Pharmacyclics; Rapa Therapeutics; Regeneron; Roche/Genentech; Sanofi; Seagen; Silenseed; Synlogic; Tesaro; Turning Point Therapeutics; Vedanta Biosciences; VelosBio; Verastem; Vincerx Pharma, Amgen, Agenus, AstraZeneca, Beigene, Zailab. U.G. has participated in Speaker Bureau for Incyte. M.A.B. has acted as a paid consultant for and/or as a member of the advisory boards of Exelixis, Bayer, BMS, Eisai, Pfizer, AstraZeneca, Janssen, Calithera Biosciences, Genomic Health, Nektar, EMD Serono, SeaGen, and Sanofi and has received grants to his institution from Merck, Xencor, Bayer, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Genentech/Roche, SeaGen, Incyte, Nektar, AstraZeneca, Tricon Pharmaceuticals, Genome & Company, AAA, Peloton Therapeutics, Bellicum and Pfizer for work performed as outside of the current study. C.B., M.C., and S.S. declare no competing interests.