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Article History

Received: 29 March 2024

Accepted: 25 October 2024

First Online: 2 January 2025

Competing interests

: M.Y., M.V.C., J.V.D., K.A.A., A.M.C. and A.K.S. report receiving salaries from 2017 onwards as part of an ongoing separate study (effectiveness of the tetravalent dengue vaccine, CYD-TDV [Dengvaxia] in the Philippines) sponsored by the University of the Philippines Manila and funded by Sanofi Pasteur. J.D. was an unpaid external consultant in the Extended Study Group for dengue vaccine effectiveness evaluation studies in Asia in 2015 convened by Sanofi Pasteur and is an unpaid investigator of an ongoing separate study (effectiveness of the tetravalent dengue vaccine, CYD-TDV [Dengvaxia] in the Philippines) sponsored by the University of the Philippines Manila and funded by Sanofi Pasteur. The protocol was written to evaluate the effect of the Sanofi Pasteur Dengvaxia vaccine. However, only unvaccinated individuals were included in the present manuscript. All other authors declare no competing interests.

: J.D., M.Y., J.V.D., M.V.C., and K.A.A. are investigators local to the Philippines who designed and established the cohort and collected all the demographic, clinical, and blood samples, and generated the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay data. All local investigators were included in discussions of this work evaluating antibodies as correlates, roles, and responsibilities were agreed upon ahead of the research, and authorship was determined accordingly. This research is highly relevant to Cebu, Philippines, given the heavy local burden of disease, and this work was funded, in large part, by the Philippine Department of Health. Capacity building included additional training for JVD in the laboratory AMDS. This research did not result in stigmatization, incrimination, discrimination, or otherwise personal risk to participants. Related work by the local investigators has been cited appropriately here^23,24.