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Article History

Received: 4 March 2024

Accepted: 31 October 2024

First Online: 12 November 2024

Competing interests

: here are no patents related to this research. Dr. Kehl reports funding from the American Association for Cancer Research to his institution related to this research and honoraria from UpToDate and travel sponsored by Meta in the context of a grant submission process unrelated to this research. Dr. Choueiri reports institutional and/or personal, paid and/or unpaid support for research, advisory boards, consultancy, and/or honoraria past 5 years, ongoing or not, from: Alkermes, Arcus Bio, AstraZeneca, Aravive, Aveo, Bayer, Bristol Myers-Squibb, Bicycle Therapeutics, Calithera, Circle Pharma, Deciphera Pharmaceuticals, Eisai, EMD Serono, Exelixis, GlaxoSmithKline, Gilead, HiberCell, IQVA, Infinity, Institut Servier, Ipsen, Jansen, Kanaph, Lilly, Merck, Nikang, Neomorph, Nuscan/PrecedeBio, Novartis, Oncohost, Pfizer, Roche, Sanofi/Aventis, Scholar Rock, Surface Oncology, Takeda, Tempest, Up-To-Date, CME events (Peerview, OncLive, MJH, CCO and others), outside the submitted work. He also reports institutional patents filed on molecular alterations and immunotherapy response/toxicity, and ctDNA. He reports equity in Tempest, Pionyr, Osel, Precede Bio, CureResponse, InnDura Therapeutics, Premium, and Bicycle; committee participation in NCCN, GU Steering Committee, ASCO (BOD 6-2024-, ESMO, ACCRU, KidneyCan). He reports that medical writing and editorial assistance support may have been funded by Communications companies in part. He reports that he has mentored several non-US citizens on research projects with potential funding (in part) from non-US sources/Foreign Components. His institution (Dana-Farber Cancer Institute) may have received additional independent funding of drug companies or/and royalties potentially involved in research around the subject matter. Dr. Bakouny reports Honoraria from UpToDate; serving as Associate Editor at Journal of Clinical Oncology Clinical Cancer Informatics (JCO CCI); serving as co-chair of the American Society of Clinical Oncology’s International Medical Graduate Community of Practice (ASCO IMG CoP); and serving as co-founder of the IMG Oncologists nonprofit non-governmental organization. Dr. Schrag reports funding from AACR to her institution related to this research. Ms. Nichols reports funding from AACR to her institution related to this research. The other authors have no competing interests to disclose.