Carey-Ewend, Kelly https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3200-1644
Popkin-Hall, Zachary R. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8308-5294
Simkin, Alfred
Muller, Meredith
Hennelly, Chris
He, Wenqiao
Moser, Kara A.
Gaither, Claudia
Niaré, Karamoko
Aghakanian, Farhang
Feleke, Sindew https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5778-653X
Brhane, Bokretsion G.
Phanzu, Fernandine
Kashamuka, Melchior Mwandagalirwa
Aydemir, Ozkan https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3458-6527
Sutherland, Colin J. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1592-6407
Ishengoma, Deus S.
Ali, Innocent M. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1112-6376
Ngasala, Billy
Kalonji, Albert
Tshefu, Antoinette
Parr, Jonathan B. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4465-9830
Bailey, Jeffrey A. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6899-8204
Juliano, Jonathan J. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0591-0850
Lin, Jessica T.
Funding for this research was provided by:
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health (R21AI152260, R21AI148579, R01AI65537, K24AI134990, R01AI129812, R01AI132547, R01TW010870, T32AI070114)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | Fogarty International Center
Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria
Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation
Article History
Received: 10 April 2024
Accepted: 19 November 2024
First Online: 27 November 2024
Competing interests
: J.B.P. reports research support from Gilead Sciences, non-financial support from Abbott Laboratories, and consulting for Zymeron Corporation, all outside the scope of this study. The remaining authors declare no competing interests. The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent the official position of the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation or other funders.