Shulgina, Yekaterina https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7658-9294
Trinidad, Marena I. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7839-4642
Langeberg, Conner J. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5609-3758
Nisonoff, Hunter https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1357-8111
Chithrananda, Seyone https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3671-9135
Skopintsev, Petr https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6043-157X
Nissley, Amos J. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4829-5373
Patel, Jaymin https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4380-4805
Boger, Ron S. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4467-271X
Shi, Honglue https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3847-1652
Yoon, Peter H. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9156-1393
Doherty, Erin E. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1555-4124
Pande, Tara https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9440-4492
Iyer, Aditya M.
Doudna, Jennifer A. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9161-999X
Cate, Jamie H. D. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5965-7902
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Science Foundation (CHE-2002182)
Article History
Received: 18 May 2024
Accepted: 20 November 2024
First Online: 5 December 2024
Change Date: 28 August 2025
Change Type: Update
Change Details: In the Acknowledgements section of this article the grant number 'U19AI171110' has been removed. The original article has been corrected.
Competing interests
: J.H.C. is the founder, board and SAB member of Initial Therapeutics. The Regents of the University of California have patents issued and pending for CRISPR technologies on which J.A.D. is an inventor. J.A.D. is a cofounder of Azalea Theratupics, Caribou Biosciences, Editas Medicine, Evercrisp, Scribe Therapeutics, Intellia Therapeutics, and Mammoth Biosciences. J.A.D. is a scientific advisory board member at Evercrisp, Caribou Biosciences, Intellia Therapeutics, Scribe Therapeutics, Mammoth Biosciences, The Column Group, and Inari. J.A.D. is Chief Science Advisor to Sixth Street, a Director at Johnson & Johnson, Altos, and Tempus, and has a research project sponsored by Apple Tree Partners. The remaining authors declare no competing interests.