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Article History

Received: 12 March 2024

Accepted: 21 November 2024

First Online: 2 January 2025

Competing interests

: ALW completed the experiments during the internship at Quanterix Corp. that was an integral part of MIRIADE project (European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement no. 860197). GB received honoraria from Fujirebio and completed paid consultancies for Parkinson’s Foundation. He received travel/educational grants from Fujirebio and Alzheimer’s Association. LG has participated in advisory boards for, and received writing or speaker honoraria and travel grants from, Almirall, Biogen, Eisai, Euroimmun, Fujirebio, Lilly, Merck, Mylan, Novartis, Roche, Sanofi, Siemens Healthineers, and Teva. LP served as Member of Advisory Boards for Fujirebio, IBL, Roche, and Merck. CET is employed by Amsterdam UMC. She has grants or contracts for Research of the European Commission (Marie Curie International Training Network, grant agreement No. 860197 (MIRIADE), Innovative Medicines Initiatives 3TR (Horizon 2020, grant no 831434) EPND (IMI 2 Joint Undertaking (JU), grant no. 101034344) and JPND (bPRIDE), National MS Society (Progressive MS alliance), Alzheimer Drug Discovery Foundation, Alzheimer Association, Health Holland, the Dutch Research Council (ZonMW), including TAP-dementia, a ZonMw funded project (#10510032120003) in the context of the Dutch National Dementia Strategy, Alzheimer Drug Discovery Foundation, The Selfridges Group Foundation, Alzheimer Netherlands. She is recipient of ABOARD, which is a public-private partnership receiving funding from ZonMW (#73305095007) and Health~Holland, Topsector Life Sciences & Health (PPP-allowance; #LSHM20106). She is also a contract researcher for ADx Neurosciences, AC-Immune, Aribio, Axon Neurosciences, Beckman-Coulter, BioConnect, Bioorchestra, Brainstorm Therapeutics, Celgene, Cognition Therapeutics, EIP Pharma, Eisai, Eli Lilly Fujirebio, Grifols, Instant Nano Biosensors, Merck, Novo Nordisk, Olink, PeopleBio, Quanterix, Roche, Siemens, Toyama, Vivoryon, and the European Commission. She has received payment or honoraria from Roche, Novo Nordisk, and Grifols, where all payments were made to her institution. She also serves on editorial boards of Medidact Neurologie/Springer; and in Neurology: Neuroimmunology & Neuroinflammation. She is editor of Alzheimer Research and Therapy. DC received travel/educational grant from Fujirebio.