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Article History

Received: 29 May 2024

Accepted: 27 November 2024

First Online: 3 February 2025

Competing interests

: P.M.F. receives research support from AstraZeneca, BioNtech, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Novartis, Regeneron, and has been a consultant for AstraZeneca, Amgen, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Iteos, Novartis, Star, Surface, Genentech, G1, Sanofi, Daiichi, Regeneron, Tavotek, VBL Therapeutics, Sankyo, and Janssen and serves on a data safety and monitoring board for Polaris. S.Y. receives research funding from Bristol-Myers Squibb/Celgene, Janssen, and Cepheid, has served as a consultant for Cepheid, and owns founders’ equity in Brahm Astra Therapeutics and Digital Harmonic. K.N.S. and D.M.P. have filed for patent protection on the MANAFEST technology (serial No. 16/341,862). D.M.P. is a consultant for Compugen, Shattuck Labs, WindMIL, Tempest, Immunai, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Amgen, Janssen, Astellas, Rockspring Capital, Immunomic, Dracen and owns founders’ equity in Clasp Therapeutics, WindMIL, Trex, Jounce, Enara, Tizona, Tieza, RAPT and receives research funding from Compugen, Bristol-Myers Squibb, and Enara. K.N.S. has received travel support/honoraria from Illumina, Inc., receives research funding from Bristol-Myers Squibb, Abbvie, and Astra Zeneca, and owns founder’s equity in Clasp Therapeutics. S.L.T receives consulting fees from Bristol Myers Squibb, Dragonfly Therapeutics, PathAI, and Regeneron; receives research grants from Bristol Myers Squibb; has stock options in Dragonfly Therapeutics; and has a patent related to the treatment of MSI-high cancers with anti-PD-1.The terms of all these arrangements are being managed by Johns Hopkins University in accordance with its conflict-of-interest policies. All other authors declare that they have no competing interests.