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Article History
Received: 21 May 2024
Accepted: 9 December 2024
First Online: 24 February 2025
Competing interests
: R.E.M. is an advisor to the Epigenetic Clock Development Foundation and Optima Partners. D.L.M. was employed by Optima Partners Ltd in a part-time capacity. H.J.G. has received travel grants and speaker honoraria from Fresenius Medical Care, Neuraxpharm, Servier, Indorsia and Janssen Cilag, as well as research funding from Fresenius Medical Care. H.J.G. had personal contracts approved by the university administration for speaker honoraria and one IIT with Fresenius Medical Care. T.K. received unrestricted educational grants from Servier, Janssen, Recordati, Aristo, Otsuka, neuraxpharm. B.W.J.H.P. has received research funding (not related to the current paper) from Boehringer Ingelheim and Jansen Research. All other authors report no biomedical financial interests or potential conflicts of interest.