Chu, Yuetan https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1729-831X
Luo, Gongning https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3662-0335
Zhou, Longxi https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0116-9361
Cao, Shaodong
Ma, Guolin
Meng, Xianglin https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5091-3260
Zhou, Juexiao https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6739-6236
Yang, Changchun https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7932-1952
Xie, Dexuan
Mu, Dan
Henao, Ricardo
Setti, Gianluca https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2496-1856
Xiao, Xigang https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2795-9823
Wu, Lianming
Qiu, Zhaowen https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5292-0333
Funding for this research was provided by:
King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (Center of Excellence for Smart Health (KCSH), under award number 5932, Center of Excellence on Generative AI, under award number 5940)
Article History
Received: 23 March 2024
Accepted: 20 January 2025
First Online: 6 March 2025
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: The patient data were collected from The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Mudanjiang First People’s Hospital, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Shanghai Renji Hospital, and Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, following the approval from the Institutional Review Board. The experiment using DSCTPA was approved by the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University. The study was also approved by the Institutional Biosafety and Bioethics Committee at King Abdullah University of Science and Technology. Informed consent was waived in the training cohort and the inpatient cohort due to the retrospective nature of the study. Datasets used were anonymised and any sensitive privacy information was systematically removed.