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Anza-Ramirez, Cecilia
Miranda, J. Jaime
Armocida, Benedetta
Correia, Jorge César
Van Spall, Harriette Gillian Christine
Beran, David
Aali, Amirali
Abate, Kalkidan Hassen
Abate, Semagn Mekonnen
Abbafati, Cristiana
Abbasi-Kangevari, Mohsen
Abbasi-Kangevari, Zeinab
Abbastabar, Hedayat
Abdel-Azeem, Ahmed M.
Abdelmasseh, Michael
Abd-Elsalam, Sherief
Abdelwahab, Ahmed
Abdoli, Gholamreza
Abdollahi, Mohammad
Abdoun, Meriem
Abdulah, Deldar Morad
Md Abdullah, Abu Yousuf
Abdurehman, Ame Mehadi
Abebe, Getachew
Abedi, Aidin
Abedi, Vida
Abidi, Hassan
Aboagye, Richard Gyan
Abolhassani, Hassan
Abreu, Lucas Guimarães
Abrigo, Michael R. M.
Abtew, Yonas Derso
Ali, Hiwa Abubaker
Abu-Gharbieh, Eman
Abu-Zaid, Ahmed
Accrombessi, Manfred Mario Kokou
Acuna, Juan Manuel
Adane, Denberu Eshetie
Adane, Tigist Demssew
Addo, Isaac Yeboah
Addolorato, Giovanni
Adeagbo, Oluwafemi Atanda
Adekanmbi, Victor
Adesina, Miracle Ayomikun
Adetokunboh, Olatunji O.
Adeyinka, Daniel Adedayo
Adnani, Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah
Afolabi, Aanuoluwapo Adeyimika
Afzal, Muhammad Sohail
Afzal, Saira
Agarwal, Gina
Agarwal, Prerna
Agasthi, Pradyumna
Agrawal, Anurag
Agudelo-Botero, Marcela
Ahinkorah, Bright Opoku
Ahmad, Aqeel
Ahmad, Sajjad
Ahmad, Sohail
Ahmad, Tauseef
Ahmadi, Ali
Ahmadi, Keivan
Ahmadi, Sepideh
Ahmed, Ali
Ahmed, Ayman
Ahmed, Haroon
Ahmed, Jivan Qasim
Ahmed, Luai A.
Aithala, Janardhana P.
Ajami, Marjan
Aji, Budi
Akbarialiabad, Hossein
Akelew, Yibeltal
Akhlaghdoust, Meisam
Aklilu, Addis
Akonde, Maxwell
Hamad, Hanadi Al
Alahdab, Fares
Al-Aly, Ziyad
Alam, Khurshid
Alam, Manjurul
Alam, Nazmul
Alam, Samiah
Alanezi, Fahad Mashhour
Alanzi, Turki M.
Alcalde-Rabanal, Jacqueline Elizabeth
Alemayehu, Astawus
Alemu, Birhanu Alamirew Alamirew
Alene, Kefyalew Addis
Algammal, Abdelazeem M.
Alhabib, Khalid F.
Alhajri, Noora
Al-Hanawi, Mohammed Khaled
Alhassan, Robert Kaba
Ali, Liaqat
Ali, Muhammad
Ali, Syed Shujait
Samakkhah, Shohreh Alian
Alicandro, Gianfranco
Alif, Sheikh Mohammad
Alimohamadi, Yousef
Al-Jumaily, Adel
Aljunid, Syed Mohamed
Alla, François
Almalki, Mohammed J.
Al-Maweri, Sadeq
Almustanyir, Sami
Alomari, Mahmoud A.
Alonso, Jordi
Alonso, Nivaldo
Al-Raddadi, Rajaa M.
Al-Sabah, Salman Khalifah
Al-Tammemi, Ala’a B.
Altirkawi, Khalid A.
Alvis-Guzman, Nelson
Alvis-Zakzuk, Nelson J.
Amare, Azmeraw T.
Amare, Hiwot
Ameyaw, Edward Kwabena
Amin, Tarek Tawfik
Dehkordi, Javad Aminian
Amir, Afreenish
Amiri, Hoda
Amiri, Sohrab
Amu, Hubert
Amuasi, John H.
Amugsi, Dickson A.
Amusa, Ganiyu Adeniyi
Anagaw, Tadele Fentabil
Ancochea, Julio
Ancuceanu, Robert
Anderlini, Deanna
Andrei, Catalina Liliana
Andrei, Tudorel
Androudi, Sofia
Anjana, Ranjit Mohan
Anoushiravani, Amir
Ansar, Adnan
Ansari-Moghaddam, Alireza
Antony, Benny
Antriyandarti, Ernoiz
Antwi, Maxwell Hubert
Anvari, Davood
Anwer, Razique
Anyasodor, Anayochukwu Edward
Apostolaki, Stella
Appiah, Francis
Arabloo, Jalal
Arab-Zozani, Morteza
Areda, Demelash
Aref, Hany Mohamed Amin
Argaw, Zeleke Gebru
Ariffin, Hany
Ärnlöv, Johan
Arruda, Renato
Arshad, Muhammad
Artaman, Al
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Artanti, Kurnia Dwi
Arulappan, Judie
Aruleba, Raphael Taiwo
Arumugam, Ashokan
Aryal, Krishna K.
Aryan, Zahra
Asadi-Pooya, Ali A.
Asemi, Zatollah
Asgary, Saeed
Asghari-Jafarabadi, Mohammad
Ashraf, Tahira
Assaye, Ashagre Molla
Astell-Burt, Thomas
Ataei, Mahshid
Atafar, Zahra
Athar, Mohammad
Athari, Seyyed Shamsadin
Atorkey, Prince
Atreya, Alok
Atteraya, Madhu Sudhan
Attia, Sameh
Aujayeb, Avinash
Ausloos, Marcel
Avan, Abolfazl
Quintanilla, Beatriz Paulina Ayala
Ayana, Tegegn Mulatu
Ayele, Alemu Degu
Ayele, Meshesha Tsegazeab
Ayelign, Birhanu
Ayinde, Olatunde O.
Ayuso-Mateos, Jose L.
Azadnajafabad, Sina
Azangou-Khyavy, Mohammadreza
Jafari, Amirhossein Azari
Azzam, Ahmed Y.
Babajani, Amirhesam
Babu, Abraham Samuel
Badar, Muhammad
Badawi, Alaa
Badiye, Ashish D.
Baghcheghi, Nayereh
Bagheri, Nasser
Bagherieh, Sara
Bahadory, Saeed
Baig, Atif Amin
Bairwa, Mohan
Baker, Jennifer L.
Bakkannavar, Shankar M.
Balta, Asaminew Birhanu
Baltatu, Ovidiu Constantin
Banerjee, Amitava
Banerjee, Indrajit
Banik, Palash Chandra
Bansal, Hansi
Bantie, Abere Tilahun
Bardhan, Mainak
Barker-Collo, Suzanne Lyn
Bärnighausen, Till Winfried
Barone, Mark Thomaz Ugliara
Barone-Adesi, Francesco
Barqawi, Hiba Jawdat
Barra, Fabio
Barrow, Amadou
Barteit, Sandra
Barua, Lingkan
Bashiri, Azadeh
Baskaran, Pritish
Basu, Sanjay
Basu, Saurav
Batiha, Abdul-Monim Mohammad
Baune, Bernhard T.
Bedi, Neeraj
Begum, Tahmina
Ramirez, Diana Fernanda Bejarano
Belay, Hailu B. Y.
Belay, Moges Mareg
Belgaumi, Uzma Iqbal
Bell, Michelle L.
Belo, Luis
Bendak, Salaheddine
Bennett, Derrick A.
Bensenor, Isabela M.
Benzian, Habib
Berhie, Alemshet Yirga
Berman, Adam E.
Bernstein, Robert S.
Bhagavathula, Akshaya Srikanth
Bhandari, Dinesh
Bhardwaj, Nikha
Bhardwaj, Pankaj
Bhaskar, Sonu
Bhat, Ajay Nagesh
Bhat, Vivek
Bhattarai, Suraj
Bhojaraja, Vijayalakshmi S.
Bikbov, Boris
Bills, Corey B.
Biondi, Antonio
Birara, Setognal
Biswas, Atanu
Biswas, Raaj Kishore
Bitaraf, Saeid
Blyuss, Oleg
Boachie, Micheal Kofi
Bodicha, Belay Boda Abule
Bodolica, Virginia
Bojia, Hunduma Amensisa
Boloor, Archith
Botelho, João Silva
Bouaoud, Souad
Bourne, Rupert
Bragazzi, Nicola Luigi
Braithwaite, Dejana
Brant, Luisa C.
Breitborde, Nicholas J. K.
Brenner, Hermann
Breugem, Corstiaan
Briko, Nikolay Ivanovich
Britton, Gabrielle
Brown, Julie
Brugha, Traolach
Brunoni, Andre R.
Buchbinder, Rachelle
Bulamu, Norma B.
Buonsenso, Danilo
Burkart, Katrin
Burns, Richard A.
Nagaraja, Sharath Burugina
Butt, Muhammad Hammad
Butt, Nadeem Shafique
Butt, Zahid A.
Cai, Tianji
Calina, Daniela
Cámera, Luis Alberto
Campos, Luciana Aparecida
Cao, Chao
Carneiro, Vera L. A.
Carreras, Giulia
Carvalho, Andre F.
Carvalho, Márcia
Castaldelli-Maia, Joao Mauricio
Castelpietra, Giulio
Catapano, Alberico L.
Cattaruzza, Maria Sofia
Cederroth, Christopher R.
Cembranel, Francieli
Cerin, Ester
Chakraborty, Promit Ananyo
Chandrasekar, Eeshwar K.
Chang, Jung-Chen
Chanie, Gashaw Sisay
Charalampous, Periklis
Chattu, Vijay Kumar
Chaturvedi, Sarika
Chaurasia, Akhilanand
Chen, Meng Xuan
Chen, Simiao
Cherbuin, Nicolas
Ching, Patrick R.
Chitheer, Abdulaal
Cho, William C. S.
Chong, Yuen Yu
Chopra, Hitesh
Chou, Tzu-Chieh
Choudhari, Sonali Gajanan
Chowdhury, Enayet Karim
Chowdhury, Rajiv
Christensen, Hanne
Christensen, Steffan Wittrup McPhee
Christopher, Devasahayam J.
Chu, Dinh-Toi
Chukwu, Isaac Sunday
Chung, Sheng-Chia
Ciuffreda, Raffaela
Clark, Scott Richard
Claro, Rafael M.
Coberly, Kaleb
Conde, Joao
Corso, Barbara
Criqui, Michael H.
Cross, Marita
Cruz-Martins, Natália
Dadras, Omid
Dai, Xiaochen
Damasceno, Albertino Antonio Moura
Damiani, Giovanni
Danawi, Hadi A.
Das, Jai K.
Das, Saswati
Dascalu, Ana Maria
Dastiridou, Anna
Dávila-Cervantes, Claudio Alberto
Davletov, Kairat
De la Hoz, Fernando Pio
De Luca, Maia
Debela, Sisay Abebe
Degefu, Natanim
Dehghan, Amin
Dehghan, Azizallah
Dejene, Hiwot
Dellavalle, Robert Paul
Demetriades, Andreas K.
Demisse, Biniyam
Demisse, Fitsum Wolde
Demissie, Solomon
Denova-Gutiérrez, Edgar
Dereje, Diriba
Derese, Msganaw
Dervenis, Nikolaos
Desai, Hardik Dineshbhai
Desai, Rupak
Dessalegn, Fikadu Nugusu
Dessie, Gashaw
Desta, Abebaw Alemayehu
Deuba, Keshab
Dey, Sagnik
Dhali, Arkadeep
Dhimal, Meghnath
Dhingra, Sameer
Diao, Nancy
Dias da Silva, Diana
Dibaba, Diriba Tolesa
Digesa, Lankamo Ena
Diress, Mengistie
Dixit, Abhinav
Dixit, Shilpi Gupta
Djalalinia, Shirin
Doaei, Saeid
Dodangeh, Milad
Doheim, Mohamed Fahmy
Doku, Paul Narh
Dongarwar, Deepa
Dora, Bezabih Terefe
Dorostkar, Fariba
dos Santos, Wendel Mombaque
Doshi, Chirag P.
Doshi, Rajkumar
Doshmangir, Leila
Douiri, Abdel
Dsouza, Haneil Larson
Dube, John
Duraes, Andre Rodrigues
Durojaiye, Oyewole Christopher
Edinur, Hisham Atan
Edvardsson, David
Edvardsson, Kristina
Efendi, Ferry
Ehsani-Chimeh, Elham
Eini, Ebrahim
Ekholuenetale, Michael
Ekundayo, Temitope Cyrus
El Nahas, Nevine
El Sayed, Iman
El Tantawi, Maha
El-Abid, Hassan
Elbarazi, Iffat
Elema, Teshome Bekele
Elgar, Frank J.
Elgendy, Islam Y.
ElGohary, Ghada Metwally Tawfik
Elhabashy, Hala Rashad
Elhadi, Muhammed
Elmonem, Mohamed A.
Bain, Luchuo Engelbert
Erkhembayar, Ryenchindorj
Esayas, Hawi Leul
Esezobor, Christopher Imokhuede
Eshrati, Babak
Eskandarieh, Sharareh
Espinosa-Montero, Juan
Esposito, Francesco
Etaee, Farshid
Etafa, Werku
Ezzikouri, Sayeh
Fagbamigbe, Adeniyi Francis
Faghani, Shahriar
Falzone, Luca
Faraon, Emerito Jose A.
Dehghan, Somayeh Farhang
Farinha, Carla Sofia e. Sá
Faro, Andre
Farooq, Umar
Faruk, Md Omar
Fasanmi, Abidemi Omolara
Fasanmi, Akinlolu O.
Fatehizadeh, Ali
Fattahi, Nazir
Fauk, Nelsensius Klau
Feigin, Valery L.
Fekadu, Ginenus
Feng, Xiaoqi
Fereshtehnejad, Seyed-Mohammad
Feroze, Abdullah Hamid
Ferrara, Pietro
Ferrari, Allegra
Ferrero, Simone
Fetensa, Getahun
Feyisa, Bikila Regassa
Filip, Irina
Fischer, Florian
Flavel, Joanne
Flood, David
Folayan, Morenike Oluwatoyin
Fonseca, Ana Catarina
Fornari, Arianna
Foroutan, Behzad
Fowobaje, Kayode Raphael
Freitas, Alberto
Freitas, Marisa
Friedman, Sara D.
Fukumoto, Takeshi
Gaal, Peter Andras
Gadanya, Muktar A.
Gaidhane, Abhay Motiramji
Gaihre, Santosh
Galali, Yaseen
Galehdar, Nasrin
Gallus, Silvano
Ganesan, Balasankar
Garcia-Gordillo, M. A.
Garg, Priyanka
Gaspar Fonseca, Mariana
Gazzelloni, Federica
Gbadamosi, Semiu Olatunde
Gebrehiwot, Mesfin
Gebrekidan, Kahsu Gebrekirstos
Gebremeskel, Teferi Gebru
Gela, Yibeltal Yismaw
Geleta, Leta Adugna
Gerema, Urge
Getacher, Lemma
Getachew, Tamirat
Ghadiri, Keyghobad
Ghaffarpasand, Fariborz
Ghafourifard, Mansour
Ghahramani, Sulmaz
Ghamari, Seyyed-Hadi
Ghanbari, Reza
Ghasemi Nour, Mohammad
Ghashghaee, Ahmad
Ghazi Sherbaf, Farzaneh
Ghodsi, Zahra
Gholamalizadeh, Maryam
Gholami, Ali
Gholamrezanezhad, Ali
Ghozali, Ghozali
Ghozy, Sherief
Gill, Tiffany K.
Ginindza, Themba G.
Glasbey, James C.
Göbölös, Laszlo
Goel, Amit
Golechha, Mahaveer
Goleij, Pouya
Golinelli, Davide
Gomes, Nelson G. M.
Gopalani, Sameer Vali
Gorini, Giuseppe
Goudarzi, Houman
Goulart, Alessandra C.
Goulart, Bárbara Niegia Garcia
Grivna, Michal
Guadamuz, Jenny S.
Guadie, Habtamu Alganeh
Gubari, Mohammed Ibrahim Mohialdeen
Gudisa, Zewdie
Guha, Avirup
Guimarães, Rafael Alves
Gupta, Bhawna
Gupta, Rajeev
Gupta, Sapna
Gupta, Veer Bala
Gupta, Vijai Kumar
Gupta, Vivek Kumar
Guta, Alemu
Guzman-Vilca, Wilmer Cristobal
Asgarabad, Mojtaba Habibi
Habibzadeh, Parham
Hachinski, Vladimir
Hadei, Mostafa
Hafezi-Nejad, Nima
Ali, Adel Hajj
Haj-Mirzaian, Arvin
Halboub, Esam S.
Halimi, Aram
Hall, Brian J.
Halwani, Rabih
Hamadeh, Randah R.
Hambisa, Mitiku Teshome
Hameed, Sajid
Hamidi, Samer
Hamiduzzaman, Mohammad
Hanif, Asif
Hankey, Graeme J.
Hannan, Md Abdul
Haque, Md Nuruzzaman
Harapan, Harapan
Hargono, Arief
Hariyani, Ninuk
Haro, Josep Maria
Harorani, Mehdi
Hartono, Risky Kusuma
Hasaballah, Ahmed I.
Hasan, Faizul
Hasan, M. Tasdik
Hasan, Md Mehedi
Hasani, Hamidreza
Hassan, Abbas M.
Hassan, Amr
Hassan, Shoaib
Hassanian-Moghaddam, Hossein
Hassanipour, Soheil
Hassankhani, Hadi
Havmoeller, Rasmus J.
Hayat, Khezar
Hebert, Jeffrey J.
Hedna, Khedidja
Heidari, Mohammad
Heidari-Soureshjani, Reza
Hendrie, Delia
Herrera-Serna, Brenda Yuliana
Heyi, Demisu Zenbaba
Hezam, Kamal
Hiraike, Yuta
Holla, Ramesh
Horita, Nobuyuki
Hossain, Md Mahbub
Hossain, Sahadat
Hosseinzadeh, Mehdi
Hostiuc, Mihaela
Hostiuc, Sorin
Hoveidamanesh, Soodabeh
Hsairi, Mohamed
Hsiao, Alexander Kevin
Huang, Junjie
Hudson, Irene Lena
Hussain, Salman
Hussain, Zakir
Hussein, Nawfal R.
Hussien, Foziya Mohammed
Hwang, Bing-Fang
Ibitoye, Segun Emmanuel
Ilesanmi, Olayinka Stephen
Ilic, Irena M.
Ilic, Milena D.
Immurana, Mustapha
Inbaraj, Leeberk Raja
Irham, Lalu Muhammad
Islam, Md Rafiqul
Islam, Mohammad Mainul
Islam, Rubana
Islam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful
Islami, Farhad
Ismail, Nahlah Elkudssiah
Iso, Hiroyasu
Isola, Gaetano
Itiola, Ademola Joshua
Iwagami, Masao
Iwu, Chidozie C. D.
Iwu-Jaja, Chinwe Juliana
Iyamu, Ihoghosa Osamuyi
J, Linda Merin
Jaafari, Jalil
Jacob, Louis
Jadidi-Niaragh, Farhad
Jahrami, Haitham
Jain, Rajesh
Jaiswal, Abhishek
Jakovljevic, Mihajlo
Jamshidi, Elham
Jani, Chinmay T.
Janodia, Manthan Dilipkumar
Javaheri, Tahereh
Jayanna, Krishnamurthy
Jayapal, Sathish Kumar
Jayarajah, Umesh
Jayaram, Shubha
Jazayeri, Seyed Behzad
Jebai, Rime
Jeganathan, Jayakumar
Jemere, Digisie Mequanint
Jeyakumar, Angeline
Jha, Vivekanand
Ji, John S.
Johnson, Olatunji
Jonas, Jost B.
Joo, Tamas
Joseph, Abel
Joseph, Nitin
Joshua, Vasna
Joukar, Farahnaz
Jozwiak, Jacek Jerzy
Jürisson, Mikk
Kaambwa, Billingsley
Kabir, Ali
Kabir, Zubair
Kadashetti, Vidya
Kadir, Dler Hussein
Kakodkar, Pradnya Vishal
Kalani, Rizwan
Kalankesh, Laleh R.
Kalankesh, Leila R.
Kalhor, Rohollah
Kaliyadan, Feroze
Kamal, Vineet Kumar
Kamath, Ashwin
Kamath, Rajesh
Kamiab, Zahra
Kamyari, Naser
Kanchan, Tanuj
Kandel, Himal
Kantar, Rami S.
Kapoor, Neeti
Karami, Hassan
Karanth, Shama D.
Karaye, Ibraheem M.
Karimi, Salah Eddin
Karkhah, Samad
Kashoo, Faizan Zaffar
Kassie, Gizat M.
Katoto, Patrick D. M. C.
Kattea, Mohammad Obadah
Kauppila, Joonas H.
Kayode, Gbenga A.
Keikavoosi-Arani, Leila
Kejela, Gemechu Gemechu
Kempen, John H.
Kerr, Jessica A.
Keskin, Cumali
Keykhaei, Mohammad
Khader, Yousef Saleh
Khajuria, Himanshu
Khalafi, Mohammad
Khalid, Nauman
Khammarnia, Mohammad
Khan, Asaduzzaman
Khan, Atif A.
Khan, Ejaz Ahmad
Khan, Imteyaz A.
Khan, Maseer
Khan, Md Jobair
Khan, Moien A. B.
Khan, M. Nuruzzaman
Khan, Yusra H.
Khanali, Javad
Khatab, Khaled
Khatatbeh, Moawiah Mohammad
Khater, Mona M.
Khateri, Sorour
Khatib, Mahalaqua Nazli
Kashani, Hamid Reza Khayat
Khazaeipour, Zahra
Khosravi, Ahmad
Khubchandani, Jagdish
Kim, Gyu Ri
Kim, Jihee
Kim, Yun Jin
Kimokoti, Ruth W.
Kisa, Adnan
Kisa, Sezer
Kivimäki, Mika
Kneib, Cameron J.
Kochhar, Sonali
Koh, David S. Q.
Kolahi, Ali-Asghar
Kolkhir, Pavel
Koly, Kamrun Nahar
Kompani, Farzad
Koohestani, Hamid Reza
Korshunov, Vladimir Andreevich
Korzh, Oleksii
Kosen, Soewarta
Koul, Parvaiz A.
Koulmane Laxminarayana, Sindhura Lakshmi
Koyanagi, Ai
Krishan, Kewal
Krishnamoorthy, Vijay
Kruger, Estie
Defo, Barthelemy Kuate
Bicer, Burcu Kucuk
Kuddus, Mohammed
Kugbey, Nuworza
Kumar, Akshay
Kumar, Manasi
Kumar, Narinder
Kumar, Naveen
Kumar, Nithin
Kurmi, Om P.
Kusuma, Dian
Kuttikkattu, Ambily
Vecchia, Carlo La
Lacey, Ben
Laflamme, Lucie
Lal, Dharmesh Kumar
Lalloo, Ratilal
Lallukka, Tea
Lám, Judit
Lami, Faris Hasan
Lan, Qing
Landires, Iván
Lang, Justin J.
Langguth, Berthold
Larijani, Bagher
Larsson, Anders O.
Latief, Kamaluddin
Lau, Sum Yuet Joyce
Laurens, Matthew B.
Lauriola, Paolo
Layoun, Habib
Lee, Doo Woong
Lee, Paul H.
Lee, Sang-woong
Lee, Seung Won
Lee, Shaun Wen Huey
Lee, Wei-Chen
Lee, Yo Han
Legesse, Samson Mideksa
Leigh, James
Leonardi, Matilde
Leong, Elvynna
Li, An
Li, Ming-Chieh
Libra, Massimo
Likaka, Andrew Tiyamike Makhiringa
Lim, David Lim
Lim, Lee-Ling
Lim, Stephen S.
Lin, Ro-Ting
Linehan, Christine
Linn, Shai
Liu, Gang
Liu, Jue
Liu, Shiwei
Liu, Wei
Lo, Chun-Han
Lopes, Graciliana
Lopukhov, Platon D.
Loreche, Arianna Maever
Lorenzovici, László
Lotfi, Mojgan
Loureiro, Joana A.
Lucchetti, Giancarlo
Lunevicius, Raimundas
Machado, Vanessa Sintra
Madadizadeh, Farzan
Maddison, Ralph
El Razek, Hassan Magdy Abd
Prasad, D. R. Mahadeshwara
Mahajan, Preetam Bhalchandra
Mahasha, Phetole Walter
Mahjoub, Soleiman
Mahmoud, Mansour Adam
Mahmoudi, Razzagh
Mahmoudimanesh, Marzieh
Majeed, Azeem
Malagón-Rojas, Jeadran N.
Rad, Elaheh Malakan
Malik, Ahmad Azam
Mallhi, Tauqeer Hussain
Manla, Yosef
Mansour, Ali
Mansouri, Borhan
Mansournia, Mohammad Ali
Mantovani, Lorenzo Giovanni
Marjani, Abdoljalal
Arnedo, Carlos Alberto Marrugo
Martinez-Piedra, Ramon
Martinez-Valle, Adolfo
Martini, Santi
Martins-Melo, Francisco Rogerlândio
Martorell, Miquel
Masoudi, Sahar
Mathews, Elezebeth
Mathioudakis, Alexander G.
Maude, Richard James
Maulik, Pallab K.
Maulud, Sazan Qadir
Mechili, Enkeleint A.
Meena, Jitendra Kumar
Meherali, Salima Meherali
Mehmood, Khalid
Mehndiratta, Man Mohan
Nasab, Entezar Mehrabi
Mehta, Kala M.
Mekonnen, Laychiluh Bantie
Memish, Ziad A.
Mendoza, Walter
Mendoza-Cano, Oliver
Menezes, Ritesh G.
Mentis, Alexios-Fotios A.
Meretoja, Atte
Meretoja, Tuomo J.
Meselu, Belsity Temesgen
Mesfin, Bezawit Afework
Mestrovic, Tomislav
Miazgowski, Tomasz
Micha, Georgia
Michalek, Irmina Maria
de Sá, Ana Carolina Micheletti Gomide Nogu
Mihrtie, Gedefaye Nibret
Miller, Ted R.
Mirghaderi, Seyed Peyman
Mirghafourvand, Mojgan
Mirica, Andreea
Mirijello, Antonio
Mirmoeeni, Seyyedmohammadsadeq
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Article History
Received: 16 June 2023
Accepted: 5 February 2025
First Online: 7 May 2025
Competing interests
: A M Abdel-Azeem reports leadership or fiduciary roles in board, society, committee or advocacy groups, paid or unpaid with the Arab Society for Fungal Conservation as the President, the International Mycological Association on the Executive Committee, and the African Mycological Association as the President; outside the submitted work. M R M Abrigo reports stock or stock options from Diliman Doctors’ Hospital; outside the submitted work. G Addolorato reports leadership or fiduciary roles in board, society, committee or advocacy groups, paid or unpaid with the Study of Alcohol-related Liver Disease in Europe, as a committee member; outside the submitted work. S Afzal reports support for the present manuscript from King Edward Medical University for study materials, library facilities, internet, journals and e-books and other learning; payment or honoraria for lectures, presentations, speakers bureaus, manuscript writing or educational events from King Edward Medical University and collaborative partners including the University of Johns Hopkins, University of California, University of Massachusetts, and University of Lahore; support for attending meetings and/or travel from King Edward Medical University; participation on a Data Safety Monitoring Board or Advisory Board with National Bioethics Committee Pakistan, King Edward Medical University Institutional Ethical Review Board, Ethical Review Board Fatima Jinnah Medical University and Sir Ganga Ram Hospital; leadership or fiduciary roles in board, society, committee or advocacy groups, paid or unpaid with the Pakistan Association of Medical Editors, Fellow of Faculty of Public Health Royal Colleges UK (FFPH), Society of Prevention, Advocacy and Research, King Edward Medical University (SPARK), member of Pakistan Society of Infectious Diseases; and other support from King Edward Medical University. J Alonso reports support for the present manuscript from Departament de Recerca I Universitats of the Generalitat de Catalunya (AGAUR 2021 SGR 00624). H Amare reports stock or stock options from GSK; outside the submitted work. R Ancuceanu reports consulting fees from Abbvie; payment or honoraria for lectures, presentations, speakers bureaus, manuscript writing or educational events from Abbvie, Sandoz, B. Braun, and Laropharm; outside the submitted work. M H Antwi reports support for the present manuscript from the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation. The funders of the study had no role in study design; collection, analysis and interpretation of data, or writing of the report. H Ariffin reports payment or honoraria for lectures, presentations, speakers bureaus, manuscript writing or educational events from Amgen; outside the submitted work. J Ärnlöv reports payment or honoraria for lectures from AstraZeneca and Novartis; participation on a Data Safety Monitoring Board or Advisory Board with AstraZeneca, Boerhinger Ingelheim, and Astella; outside the submitted work. A A Asadi-Pooya reports royalties or licenses from Oxford University Press; payment or honoraria for lectures, presentations, speakers bureaus, manuscript writing or educational events from Cobel Daru; outside the submitted work. T Astell-Burt reports grants or contracts from ARC Future Fellowship, Medical Research Futures Fund, and the National Health and Medical Research Council; outside the submitted work. P Atorkey reports support for the present manuscript from the Australian College of Applied Professions and Hunter Medical Research Institute. O O Ayinde reports grants or contracts from a research grant from Medical Research Council; support for attending meetings and/or travel from the British Medical Journal Global Health Grant; leadership or fiduciary roles in board, society, committee or advocacy groups, paid or unpaid with the ASIDO Foundation as the Director of Policy and Research; outside the submitted work. T W BÃrnighausen reports grants or contracts from the European Union (Horizon 2020 and EIT Health), German Research Foundation (DFG), US National Institutes of Health, German Ministry of Education and Research, Alexander von Humboldt Foundation, Else-Kroner-Fresenius-Foundation, Wellcome Trust, Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, KfW, UNAIDS, WHO; consulting fees for KfW on the OSCAR initiative in Viet Nam; participation on a Data Safety Monitoring Board or Advisory Board with the NIH-funded study “Health Options”, German National Committee on the “Future of Public Health Research and Education”, EDCTP Evaluation, UNAIDS Evaluation Expert Advisory Committee, National Institute of Health Study section member on Population and Publica Health Approaches to HIV/AIDS (PPAH), US National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine’s Committee for the “Evaluation of Human Resources for Health in the Republic of Rwanda under the President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR)”, University of Pennsylvania (UPenn) Population Aging Researching Center (PARC); leadership or fiduciary roles in board, society, committee or advocacy groups, paid or unpaid with the Global Health Hub Germany as a Co-chair; outside the submitted work. J L Baker reports grants or contracts from Novo Nordisk Foundation, World Cancer Research Fund, and the Independent Research Council Denmark; consulting fees from Novo Nordisk Denmark; support for attending meetings and/or travel from the European Association for the Study of Obesity; leadership or fiduciary roles in board, society, committee or advocacy groups, paid or unpaid with the European Association for the Study of Obesity; outside the submitted work. O C Baltatu reports support for the present manuscript from the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq, 304224/2022-7), and Anima Institute; leadership or fiduciary roles in board, society, committee or advocacy groups, paid or unpaid with Technology Park São José dos Campos – Center for Innovation in Health Technologies (CITS) and Afya- UNINOVAFAPI. S L Barker-Collo payment or honoraria for lectures, presentations, speakers bureaus, manuscript writing or educational events from Auckland University of Technology; participation on a Data Safety Monitoring Board or Advisory Board with Auckland University of Technology’s National Institute of Stroke and Applied Neurorehabilitation; outside the submitted work. B T Baune reports royalties or licenses from Elsevier, Springer; consulting fees from LivaNova, Janssen, Boehringer-Ingelheim, Otsuka/Lundbeck; payment or honoraria for lectures, presentations, speakers bureaus, manuscript writing or educational events from LivaNova, Janssen, Boehringer-Ingelheim, Otsuka/Lundbeck; support for attending meetings and/or travel from LivaNova, Janssen, Otsuka/Lundbeck; leadership or fiduciary roles in board, society, committee or advocacy groups, paid or unpaid with the Network of Pharmacogenomics and Transcriptomics at the ECNP as a Chair; outside the submitted work. M L Bell reports support for the present manuscript from the National Institutes of Health (NIH); grants or contracts from US EPA, National Institutes of Health (NIH), High Tide Foundation, Health Effects Institute, Yale Women Faculty Forum, Environmental Defense Fund, Wellcome Trust Foundation, Yale Climate Change and Health Center, Robert Wood Johnson Foundation; consulting fees from Clinique; payment or honoraria for lectures, presentations, speakers bureaus, manuscript writing or educational events from Colorado School of Public Health, Duke University, University of Texas, Data4Justice, Korea University, Organization of Teratology Information Specialist, University of Pennsylvania, Boston University, IOP Publishing, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Health Canada, PAC-10, UKRI, AXA Research Fund Fellowship, Harvard University, and University of Montana; support for attending meetings and/or travel from Colorado School of Public Health, University of Texas, Duke University, Boston University, University of Pennsylvania, and Harvard University; leadership or fiduciary roles in board, society, committee or advocacy groups, paid or unpaid with Fifth National Climate Assessment, Lancet Countdown, US EPA Clean Air Scientific Advisory Committee (CASAC), Johns Hopkins EHE Advisory Board, Harvard University on an external advisory committee for training grant, WHO Global Air Pollution and Health Technical on an advisory group, and National Academies as a panel/committee member. L Belo reports support from Fundação para a Ciência Tecnologia (FCT) project UIDP/04378/2020 and UIDB/04378/2020 of UCIBIO and project LA/P/0140/2020 of i4HB; outside the submitted work. B Bikbov reports grants or contracts from European Commission and Lombardy Region; support for attending meetings and/or travel from the European Renal Association; leadership or fiduciary roles in board, society, committee or advocacy groups, paid or unpaid with the International Society of Nephrology as a member of the advocacy working group; outside the submitted work. A Biswas reports consulting fees from INTAS Pharmaceuticals, Lupin Limited; payment or honoraria for lectures, presentations, speakers bureaus, manuscript writing or educational events from Roche Diagnostics India Private Limited; support for attending meetings and/or travel from Sun Pharmaceuticals; outside the submitted work. G Britton reports grants or contracts from Sistema Nacional de Investigacion (063-2023), Secretaría Nacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación (FID-228-2022); outside the submitted work. J Brown reports grants or contracts from the National Health and Medical Research Council, Australian Research Council; payment or honoraria for lectures, presentations, speakers bureaus, manuscript writing or educational events from University of Adelaide; outside the submitted work. R Buchbinder reports grants or contracts from the Australian National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC), Arthritis Australia, Australian Medical Research Future Fund (MRFF), Cabrini Foundation, HCF Foundation; royalties or licesnse from UpToDate; outside the submitted work. M Carvalho reports support from Fundação para a Ciência Tecnologia (FCT) project UIDP/04378/2020 and UIDB/04378/2020 of UCIBIO and project LA/P/0140/2020 of i4HB; outside the submitted work. J M Castaldelli-Maia reports grants or contracts from the French National Institute for Cancer, Pfizer, and Sanofi; consulting fees from L’Oreal; outside the submitted work. A L Catapano reports grants or contracts from Sanofi, Eli Lilly, Mylan, Sanofi Regeneron, and Amgen; payment or honoraria for lectures, presentations, speakers bureaus, manuscript writing or educational events from Amgen, Astrazeneca, Aegerion, Amryt, Amarin, Daiichi Sankyo, Esperion, Inois Pharmaceutical, Medscape, Kowa, Mylan, Merck, Menarini, Novartis, Peer Voice, Pfizer, Recordati, Regeneron, Sanoz, Sanofi, and The Corpus; outside the submitted work. C R Cederroth reports grants or contracts from GENDER-NET GNP-182; outside the submitted work. H Christensen payment or honoraria for lectures, presentations, speakers bureaus, manuscript writing or educational events from BMI, Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, University of Bern; participation on a Data Safety Monitoring Board or Advisory Board with Bayer and PHRI; outside the submitted work. S W M Christensen reports support for the present manuscript from Leona M. and Harry B. Helmsley Charitable Trust via the Addressing the Challenge and Constraints of Insulin Sources and Supply study. D J Christopher reports grants or contracts from the Department of Biotechnology in India, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (THSTI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), UK R&I Global Challenges Research Fund via the Institute of Global Innovation, University of Birmingham, UK, German Centre for Infectious Disease Research (DZIF), The Regents of the University of California (UCSF); payment or honoraria for lectures, presentations, speakers bureaus, manuscript writing or educational events from Cipla, Zydus, Lupin, Abbot, Astra, Pfizer; support for attending meetings and/or travel from Lupin, Cipla, Zydus; leadership or fiduciary roles in board, society, committee or advocacy groups, paid or unpaid with CMC, IRB, and the Indian Council of Medical Research; outside the submitted work. J Conde reports grants or contracts from the European Research Council starting grant; patents planned, issued, or pending from functionalized nanoparticles and compositions for cancer treatment and methods, and TRPV2 Antagonists; outside the submitted work. X Dai reports support for the present manuscript from the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME). S Das reports grants or contracts from the Bureau of Intelligence and Research (INR) Department of Science and Technology; leadership or fiduciary roles in board, society, committee or advocacy groups, paid or unpaid with the American Association of Clinical Chemistry as a personalized medicine division member HEA division member, and member of women in global health; outside the submitted work. A K Demetriades payment or honoraria for lectures, presentations, speakers bureaus, manuscript writing or educational events from Stryker, Integra, and Safe Orthopedics; leadership or fiduciary roles in board, society, committee or advocacy groups, paid or unpaid with the European Association of Neurosurgical Societies (EANS) as a board member, the Global Neuro Foundation as a board member, and the AO Spine Knowledge Forum Degenerative Spine conditions as a steering committee member; outside the submitted work. M Derese reports support for the present manuscript from Leona M. and Harry B. Helmsley Charitable Trust via the Addressing the Challenge and Constraints of Insulin Sources and Supply study. D Dias da Silva reports grants or contracts from the Faculty of Pharmacy of University of Porto, Escola Superior de Saúde Instituto Politécnico de Leiria, and Instituto Universitário de Ciências da Saúde (IUCS); consulting fees from Albert Labs, Eurox Pharma; payment or honoraria for lectures, presentations, speakers bureaus, manuscript writing or educational events from the Faculty of Pharmacy of University of Porto, Escola Superior de Saúde Instituto Politécnico de Leiria, and Instituto Universitário de Ciências da Saúde (IUCS); support for attending meetings and/or travel from Eurox Pharma; leadership or fiduciary roles in board, society, committee or advocacy groups, paid or unpaid with the Portuguese Association of Forensic Sciences (APCF) as a member of the board; receipt of equipment, materials, drugs, medical writing, gifts or other services from Albert Labs and Eurox Pharma; outside the submitted work. H L Esayas reports payment or honoraria for lectures, presentations, speakers bureaus, manuscript writing or educational events from Arba Minch University; outside the submitted work. S Farhang Dehghan reports support for the present manuscript from Leona M. and Harry B. Helmsley Charitable Trust via the Addressing the Challenge and Constraints of Insulin Sources and Supply study. A Faro reports support for the present manuscript from the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq, Brazil). X Feng reports grants or contracts from NHMRC Career Development Fellowship, Medical Research Futures Fund, National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC); outside the submitted work. I Filip reports payment or honoraria for lectures, presentations, speakers bureaus, manuscript writing or educational events from Avicenna Medical and Clinical Research Institute; outside the submitted work. D Flood reports grants or contracts from the National Institute of Health (NIH); consulting fees from the World Health Organization (WHO); leadership or fiduciary roles in board, society, committee or advocacy groups, paid or unpaid with Maya Health Alliance as an unpaid staff physician; outside the submitted work. M Freitas reports grants or contracts from CEEC (Individual 2020.04126.CEECIND/CP1596/CT0006) and LAQV/REQUIMTE under the reference LA/P/0008/2020; outside the submitted work. P A Gaal reports support for the present manuscript from National Research, Development and Innovation Office in Hungary (RRF‐2.3.1‐21‐2022‐00006, Data‐Driven Health Division of National Laboratory for Health Security). S Gaihre reports support for the present manuscript from the Institute of Applied Health Sciences (IAHS), School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition (SMMSN), University of Aberdeen, UK. L Göbölös reports payment or honoraria for lectures, presentations, speakers bureaus, manuscript writing or educational events from the Asian Society for Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery (ASCVTS 2023) in Busan, Korea; outside the submitted work. N G M Gomes reports grants or contracts from Fundação para a Ciência Tecnologia (FCT); outside the submitted work. B N G Goulart reports stock or stock options in Pfizer and Takeda at NYSE; outside the submitted work. A Guha reports grants or contracts from the American Heart Association-Strategically Focused Research Network Grant in Disparities in Cardio-Oncology (#847740, #863620) and the Department of Defense Prostate Cancer Research Program's Physician Research Award (#HT94252310158); consulting fees from Novartis, Pfizer, and Myovant; outside the submitted work. V K Gupta reports grants or contracts from the National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) of Australia; outside the submitted work. Amr Hassan reports consulting fees from Novartis, Sanofi Genzyme, Biologix, Merck, Hikma Pharma, Janssen, Inspire Pharma, Future Pharma, Elixir Pharma; payment or honoraria for lectures, presentations, speakers bureaus, manuscript writing or educational events from Novartis, Allergan, Merck, Biologix, Janssen, Roche, Sanofi Genzyme, Bayer, Hikma Pharma, Al Andalus, Chemipharm, Lundbeck, Inspire Pharma, Future Pharma and Habib Scientific Office, and Everpharma; support for attending meetings and/or travel from Novartis, Allergan, Merck, Biologix, Janssen, Roche, Sanofi Genzyme, Bayer, Hikma Pharma, Al Andalus, Chemipharm, Inspire Pharma, Habib Scientific Office, and Everpharma; leadership or fiduciary roles in board, society, committee or advocacy groups, paid or unpaid with the Indian Health Service (IHS) as a board member; outside the submitted work. I M Ilic reports support for the present manuscript from the Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development, Republic of Serbia (project 175042, 2011-2023). M D Ilic reports support for the present manuscript from the Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development, Republic of Serbia (project 451-03-47/2023-01/200111). S M S Islam reports support for the present manuscript from the National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) of Australia and the National Heart Foundation of Australia; grants or contracts from the NHMRC and the National Heart Foundation of Australia; leadership or fiduciary roles in board, society, committee or advocacy groups, paid or unpaid with the ESC Heart Failure Association as a committee member, and the WHO-ITU Global Initiative on AI for Health as a group leader. N E Ismail reports leadership or fiduciary roles in board, society, committee or advocacy groups, unpaid with the Malaysian Academy of Pharmacy as a council member and the Bursar; outside the submitted work. I O Iyamu reports grants or contracts from the Canadian Institute for Health Research and the University of British Columbia (UBC) fellowship; support for attending meetings and/or travel from the University of British Columbia (UBC) Designing for People research cluster; outside the submitted work. M Jakovljevic reports grants or contracts through the Grant OI 175 014 of the Ministry of Education Science and Technological Development of the Republic of Serbia. V Jha reports consulting fees from GSK, Boehringer Ingelheim, Travere, Vera, Otsuka, Baxter Healthcare; payment or honoraria for lectures, presentations, speakers bureaus, manuscript writing or educational events from Bayer and GSK; participation on a Data Safety Monitoring Board or Advisory Board with Zydus Lifesciences; outside the submitted work. T Joo reports support for the present manuscript from the National Research, Development and Innovation Office in Hungary (RRF- 2.3.1-21-2022-00006, Data-Driven Division of National Laboratory for Health Security). A Joseph reports grants or contracts from American College of Gastroenterology; outside the submitted work. J J Jozwiak payment or honoraria for lectures, presentations, speakers bureaus, manuscript writing or educational events from Novartis and Adamed; outside the submitted work. J H Kempen reports support for the present manuscript from the National Eye Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Global Surgery Program, Sight for Souls, Research to Prevent Blindness; grants or contracts from USAID/American Schools and Hospitals Abroad; participation on a Data Safety Monitoring Board or Advisory Board with Gilead; stock or stock options from Betaliq and Tarsier Pharma. J Khubchandani reports grants or contracts from Teva Pharmaceuticals; outside the submitted work. M Kivimäki reports grants or contracts from Wellcome Trust (221854/Z/20/Z), Medical Research Council (R024227), National Institute on Aging (R01AG062553) and Academy of Finland, Finland (350426); outside the submitted work. P Kolkhir reports consulting fees from ValenzaBio; payment or honoraria for lectures, presentations, speakers bureaus, manuscript writing or educational events from Novartis; support for attending meetings and/or travel from Takeda; outside the submitted work. K Krishan reports other non-financial support from UGC Centre of Advanced Study, CAS II, Department of Anthropology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India; outside the submitted work. B Lacey reports support for the present manuscript from UK Biobank, funded largely by the UK Medical Research Council and Wellcome. T Lallukka reports support for the present manuscript from Academy of Finland (Grant #330527) and Social Insurance Institution of Finland (Grant 29/26/2020); grants or contracts from Finnish Centre for Pensions and The Juho Vainio Foundation. J Lám reports support for the present manuscript from the National Research, Development and Innovation Office in Hungary (RRF-2.3.1-21-2022-00006, Data-Driven Health Division of National Laboratory for Health Security). B Langguth reports grants or contracts from Bayhost, the German Research Foundation, the German Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung, Neuromod, the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (European School for Interdisciplinary Tinnitus Research (ESIT), Grant agreement number 722046; Unification of Treatments and Interventions for Tinnitus Patients (UNITI) Grant Agreement Number 848261); royalties or licenses from Springer; consulting fees from Neuromod, Schwabe, Rovi; payment or honoraria for lectures, presentations, speakers bureaus, manuscript writing or educational events from Medical Tribune, Schwabe, Rovi; payment for expert testimony; participation on a Data Safety Monitoring Board or Advisory Board with Neuromond and Rovi; leadership or fiduciary roles in board, society, committee or advocacy groups, paid or unpaid with Neuromod, Retex, Morpheus, DGHP, HSN; stock or stock options in Sea Pharma; outside the submitted work. M B Laurens reports grants or contracts from UM1AI148689 Infectious Diseases Clinical Research Consortium 7/1/21-11/30/23: Exposure-response evaluation of IV artesunate in children with severe malaria; DMID 19-0007 DON in Pediatric Cerebral Malaria: A Phase 1 Dose-Escalation Safety Study NIH 1U01AI155300-01A1; BioNTech 2/23-11/24, Safety, Tolerability, and Immunogenicity of an investigational mRNA-based vaccine for malaria; A Phase 3, Randomized, Stratified, Observer-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study to Evaluate the Efficacy, Safety, and Immunogenicity of mRNA-1273 SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine in Adults Aged 18 Years and Older, NIH HHSN272201300022I, Vaccine and Treatment Evaluation Units 2 12/13/2021; Development of a CRISPR-based Rapid Diagnostic Test for Point of Care Diagnosis of Malaria, University of Maryland Medical Center Innovation Challenge; A Phase 1 Challenge Study to Evaluate Safety, Immunogenicity and Efficacy of a Malaria Vaccine (rCSP adjuvanted with GLA-LSQ), in Healthy Adults, DMID 13-0088; NIH HHSN272201300022I, Vaccine and Treatment Evaluation Units Accelerating Availability and Access to Typhoid Conjugate Vaccines (TyVAC 2.0) The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, INV-030857; outside the submitted work. M-C Li reports grants or contracts from the National Science and Technology Council, Taiwan (NSTC 112-2410-H-003-031); outside the submitted work. L-L Lim reports grants or contracts from Boehringer Ingelheim, Abbott, Zuellig Pharma, Novartis; payment or honoraria for lectures, presentations, speakers bureaus, manuscript writing or educational events from AstraZeneca, Abbott, Boehringer Ingelheim, Novo Nordisk, Roche, Zuellig Pharma, and Servier; outside the submitted work. G Liu reports support for the present manuscript from the Lung Foundation Australia. G Lopes reports grants or contracts from the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) under the Scientific Employment Stimulus-Individual Call (CEECIND/01768/2021); outside the submitted work. G Lucchetti reports support for the present manuscript as a Grantee of the Research Productivity Scholarship – Level 1D (Medicine) - Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq), Brazil. P W Mahasha reports support for attending meetings and/or travel from the South African Medical Research Council, Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pretoria, Discipline of Traditional Medicine, School of Nursing and Public Health, University of KwaZulu Natal; participation on a Data Safety Monitoring Board or Advisory Board as a member of International Community Advisory Group for STANDING Together, an editorial board member of the Journal Current Research in Public Health (CRPH), and an associate editorial board member of the Journal of Frontiers in Reproductive Health section HIV and STIs; leadership or fiduciary roles in board, society, committee or advocacy groups, paid or unpaid with the Federation of Infectious Diseases Societies of Southern Africa (FIDSSA) as a member, the International Society for Infectious Diseases (ISID) as a member, the COVID-19 Clinical Research Coalition as a member, the Global Burden of Disease Collaborator Network as a member, the Scholars Academic and Scientific Society (SAS) (FSASS) as a fellow member, and the South African Council for Natural Scientific Professions (SACNASP) as a member; outside the submitted work. M A Mahmoud reports grants or contracts from the Deputyship for Research and Innovation, Ministry of Education in Saudi Arabia (project 445-5-133). J N Malagón-Rojas reports support for attending meetings and/or travel from the PIMENTO COST Project; outside the submitted work. L G Mantovani reports support for the present manuscript from the Italian Ministry of Health to Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milano, Italy. S Martini reports leadership or fiduciary roles in board, society, committee or advocacy groups, paid or unpaid with the Faculty of Public Health Universitas, Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia as the Dean; outside the submitted work. E Mathews reports grants or contracts from Wellcome DBT India Alliance funding; outside the submitted work. A G Mathioudakis reports grant or contracts from the National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR, UK) clinical lectureship, and NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre. R J Maude reports support for the present manuscript from Wellcome Trust (grant 220211) as it provides core funding for Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research. A-F A Mentis reports funding from MilkSafe: a novel pipeline to enrich formula milk using omics technologies, a research co-financed by the European Regional Development Fund of the European Union and Greek national funds through the Operational Program Competitiveness, Entrepreneurship and Innovation, under the call RESEARCH - CREATE - INNOVATE (project code: T2EDK-02222), as well as from ELIDEK (Hellenic Foundation for Research and Innovation, MIMS-860); payment or expert testimony as an external peer-reviewer for Fondazione Cariplo, Italy; leadership or fiduciary roles in board, society, committee or advocacy groups, paid or unpaid with Systematic Reviews journal as an editorial board member, Annals of Epidemiology journal and Translational Psychiatry Journal as Associate Editor; other support as a scientific officer at the BGI Group; outside the submitted work. T R Miller reports grants or contracts from AB InBec Foundation, National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), National Institute of Health (NIH) and the National Cancer Institute (NCI); payment for expert testimony from Mobile, Alabama County Board of Health, New Mexico, Nevada, and Michigan; outside the submitted work. J J Miranda reports grants or contracts from the Alliance for Health Policy and Systems Research (HQHSR1206660), Bloomberg Philanthropies (grant 46129, via University of North Carolina at Grant support, Chapel Hill School of Public Health), FONDECYT via CIENCIACTIVA/CONCYTE C, British Council, British Embassy and the Newton-Paulet Fund (223-2018, 224-2018), DFID/MRC/Wellcome Global Health Trials (MR/M007405/1), Fogarty International Center (R21TW009982, D71TW010877, R21TW011740), Grand Challenges Canada (0335-04), International Development Research Center Canada (IDRC 106887, 108167), Inter- American Institute for Global Change Research (IAI CRN3036), National Cancer Institute (1P20CA217231), National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (HHSN268200900033C, 5U01HL114180, 1UM1HL134590), National Institute of Mental Health (1U19MH098780), Swiss National Science Foundation (40P740-160366), UKRI BBSRC (BB/T009004/1), UKRI EPSRC (EP/V043102/1), UKRI MRC (MR/P008984/1, MR/P024408/1, MR/P02386X/1), Wellcome (074833/Z/04/Z, 093541/Z/10/Z, 103994/Z/14/Z, 107435/Z/15/Z, 205177/Z/16/Z, 214185/Z/18/Z, 218743/Z/19/Z) and the World Diabetes Foundation (WDF15-1224), and Health Action International; participation on a Data Safety Monitoring Board or Advisory Board with DSMB, Nigeria Sodium Study (NaSS) Trial Steering Committee, INTEnsive care bundle with blood pressure Reduction in Acute Cerebral hemorrhage Trial (INTERACT 3) Unpaid International Advisory Board, Latin American Brain Health institute (BrainLat), Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez (Chile) Unpaid Consultative Board, Programa de Gastronomía, Facultad de Estudios Unpaid Interdisciplinarios, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú Advisory Board, InterAmerican Heart Foundation (IAHF); leadership or fiduciary roles in board, society, committee or advocacy groups, paid or unpaid as a co-Chair of the Independent Group of Scientists (IGS), 2023 Global Sustainable Development Report, United Nations; member of the Scientific Expert Committee, Global Data Collaborative for CV Population Health, World Health Federation, Microsoft, and Novartis Foundation; member of the Scientific and Technical Advisory Committee (STAC), Alliance for Health Policy and Systems Research, World Health Organization; member of the WHO Technical Advisory Group on NCD-related Research and Innovation (TAG/RI), Noncommunicable Diseases Department, World Health Organization; member of the Advisory Scientific Committee, Instituto de Investigación Nutricional (Peru). S Mohammed reports support for the present manuscript from the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation. N Moka reports leadership or fiduciary roles in board, society, committee or advocacy groups, paid or unpaid with the Kentucky Society of Clinical Oncology as a treasurer; outside the submitted work. L Monasta reports support for the present manuscript from the Italian Ministry of Health to the Institute for Maternal and Child Health IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, Trieste, Italia (RC 34/2017). R S Moreira reports grants or contracts from the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development, CNPq Research Productivity Scholarship 316607/2021-5. M E Morris reports grants or contracts from the National Health and Medical Research Council Australia (NHMRC GNT1152853 2019-2023) Partnership Grant, “A public-private partnership to reduce falls in Australian hospitals”; outside the submitted work. S D Morrison reports grants or contracts from the Seattle Children’s Academic Enrichment Fund; payment or honoraria for lectures, presentations, speakers bureaus, manuscript writing or educational events from Swedish Hospital CME honoraria; outside the submitted work. U O Mueller reports grants or contracts from the German National Cohort Study (grant #10ER2301C); outside the submitted work. B R Nascimento reports grants or contracts from CNPq (Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico Research Productivity Grant number 312382/2019-7), Edwards Lifesciences Foundation Research Grant for Global Health (Improving the Prevention and Detection of Heart Valve Disease Across the Lifespan, 2023) FAPEMIG (Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais Research Grant number APQ-000627-20; outside the submitted work. G Natarajan reports grants or contracts from the project, “Study of prevalence of chronic kidney disease of Unknown etiology among Agricultural workers of Tamilnau”, funded by Tamilnadu Health System Reform Programme, and DRAKI (Dialysis requiring Acute Kidney injury) follow-up study, funded by Indian Council of Medical research (ICMR); leadership or fiduciary roles in board, society, committee or advocacy groups, paid or unpaid with the Indian Society of Nephrology as a chairman on the scientific committee; outside the submitted work. S Nomura reports support for the present manuscript from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan (MEXT). B Norrving participation on a Data Safety Monitoring Board or Advisory Board with Simbec-Orion; outside the submitted work. F C A Obi reports leadership or fiduciary roles in board, society, committee or advocacy groups, paid or unpaid with Health Systems Global as a board member, and the African Health Economics and Policy Association as an executive team member; outside the submitted work. O O Odukoya reports grants or contracts from Fogarty International Center of the National Institutes of Health under award number K43TW010704; outside the submitted work. A Ojagbemi reports grants or contracts from the National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) and Wellcome Global Health Research Partnership International Intermediate Fellowship (ref: 220684/Z/20/Z); outside the submitted work. A P Okekunle reports grants or contracts from the National Research Foundation of Korea (2020H1D3A1A04081265); outside the submitted work. O O Oladunjoye reports payment or honoraria for lectures, presentations, speakers bureaus, manuscript writing or educational events from Pri-Med; outside the submitted work. A B Oliveira reports support for attending meetings and/or travel from the International Headache Society; outside the submitted work. A Ortiz reports grants or contracts from IIS-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz UAM; grants from Sanofi and consultancy or speaker fees or travel support from Advicciene, Astellas, Astrazeneca, Amicus, Amgen, Boehringer Ingelheim, Fresenius Medical Care, GSK, Bayer, Sanofi-Genzyme, Menarini, Mundipharma, Kyowa Kirin, Lilly, Alexion, Freeline, Idorsia, Chiesi, Otsuka, Novo-Nordisk, Sysmex and Vifor Fresenius Medical Care Renal Pharma and is Director of the Catedra Mundipharma-UAM of diabetic kidney disease and the Catedra Astrazeneca-UAM of chronic kidney disease and electrolytes; outside the submitted work. A Otoiu reports grants or contracts from Bucharest University for Economic Studies and the European Commission: Horizon 2020; support for attending meetings and/or travel from Bucharest University for Economic Studies; outside the submitted work. P K Pal reports grants or contracts from the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), Department of Science & Technology (DST)-Science and Engineering Research Board, Department of Biotechnology (DBT), DST-Cognitive Science Research Initiative, Wellcome Trust UK-India Alliance DBT, PACE scheme of BIRAC, Michael J. Fox Foundation, SKAN (Scientific Knowledge for Ageing and Neurological ailments)-Research Trust; payment or honoraria for lectures, presentations, speakers bureaus, manuscript writing or educational events as Faculty/Speaker/Author from the International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society, and Movement Disorder Societies of Korea, Taiwan and Bangladesh; support for attending meetings and/or travel from the International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society, and Movement Disorder Societies of Korea, Taiwan and Bangladesh; leadership or fiduciary roles in board, society, committee or advocacy groups, paid or unpaid as the past President of Indian Academy of Neurology, the past Secretary of Asian and Oceanian subsection of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society (MDS-AOS), Editor-in-Chief of Annals of Indian Academy of Neurology, Co-Chair of the Education Committee of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society (IPMDS), President of the Parkinson Society of Karnataka, Chair of Infection Related Movement Disorders Study Group of MDS, member of Rare Movement Disorders Study Group of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society (IPMDS), member of Education Committee of IPMDS & IAPRD, member of Rating Scales Education and Training Program Committee of IPMDS, member of Neurophysiology Task Force of IPMDS, member of Movement Disorders in Asia Study Group, member of Post-Stroke Movement Disorders, member of Ataxia Study Group of IPMDS, member of Ataxia Global Initiative; outside the submitted work. T Palicz reports support for the present manuscript from the National Research, Development and Innovation Office in Hungary (RRF-2.3.1-21-2022-00006, Data-Driven Health Division of National Laboratory for Health Security). R Palladino reports grants or contracts from UK MS Society; payment or honoraria for lectures, presentations, speakers bureaus, manuscript writing or educational events from Sanofi and MSD; outside the submitted work. S R Pandi-Perumal reports royalties or licenses from Springer; outside the submitted work. A E Peden reports support for the present manuscript from the Australian National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) Emerging Leadership Fellowship (APPID: APP2009306). J Perdigão reports support for the present manuscript from Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (FCT) researching funding. R G Pestell reports grants or contracts from the National Institute of Health (NIH) (grant 1R43HL164131-01A1); support for attendance at research meetings by parent institution (Baruch S. Blumberg Institute) June 12, 2023 Melbourne Australia Immune Oncology Therapy for Breast Cancer July 20, 2023 8th World Congress on cancer research and therapy., Frankfurt, Germany AACR Annual Meeting, 2023, San Antonio breast Cancer meeting 2022; the following patents planned, issued, or pending: WO2004037983 US patent number 8,076,318; EP2399129, EU patent application no. 10744303.8 (issued in France, Germany and the UK under patent number EP2399129); US Patent application 14/090,538 (publication number 20,160,139,132; US 2012-00398-05A1; AU 2012225232 Australian issued Patent No. 2012225232; US Patent issued 9,453,836; US 10,952,415; US 16/363,981; JP 7003083; EP 2683643; US Patent 13/520,759 US Provisional Application No. 61/292,749; US Provisional Patent Application 62/183,08; US Provisional Patent Application 62/035,929; Publication Number US 20120039805 Appl no. 13/202,318; Provisional Application No. 62/948,301; Provisional Application No 63093772; Provisional Patent Application Serial No. 63/178,633; EP3947431A1; Application No. 62/286,533 U.S. Provisional Patent Application Serial No. 63/178,633; U.S. Application No. 17/167,578; U.S. Application No. 15/275,050; U.S. Application No. 16/363,981; outside the submitted work. M R Phillips reports grants or contracts from Global Alliance for Chronic Diseases- National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC. No. 81761128031), Global Alliance of Chronic Diseases/Chinese National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC, No. 81761128031), National Institute of Mental Health (grant MH108385 R01), National Institutes of Health (5RO1MH127631); outside the submitted work. C D Pond reports grants or contracts from the Valley to Coast Charitable research grants; consulting fees from the University of Sydney; Latrobe University; University of Melbourne, NSW Health, Sydney North Primary Health Network, Hunter New England Central Coast Primary Health Network, Brisbane North Primary Care Network, Royal Australian College of General Practitioners; payment or honoraria for lectures, presentations, speakers bureaus, manuscript writing or educational events from Dementia Training Australia, Health Education Training Institute, Roche, Biogen, Palliative Care Australia; payment for expert testimony from Legal Aid NSW; support for attending meetings and/or travel from Palliative Care Australia for the WONCA Conference 2023; participation in a data safety monitoring board or advisory board with the Happi Mind Project; leadership or fiduciary roles in board, society, committee or advocacy groups, paid or unpaid with a special interest group in ageing and health, WONCA World GP Organization as a chair; outside the submitted work. M J Postma reports stock or stock options with PAG BV and Health=Ecore; outside the submitted work. N Prasad reports leadership or fiduciary roles in board, society, committee or advocacy groups, paid or unpaid with the International Society and Indian Society of Nephrology; outside the submitted work. A Radfar reports payment or honoraria for lectures, presentations, speakers bureaus, manuscript writing or educational events from Avicenna Medical and Clinical Research Institute; outside the submitted work. V Radhakrishnan reports grants or contracts from the Conquer Cancer Foundation and St Jude Children’s Research Hospital; outside the submitted work. A Rahman reports support for the present manuscript from Charles Sturt University; leadership or fiduciary roles in board, society, committee or advocacy groups, paid or unpaid with the Australia New Zealand Regional Science Association International Inc (ANZRSAI) as the secretary of the executive council; outside the submitted work. A Riad reports support for the present manuscript from the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic, NPO “Systemic Risk Institute” (project LX22NPO5101). A L P Ribeiro reports support for the present manuscript from Brazilian public research agencies, CNPq (310790/2021-2 and 465518/2014-1) and by FAPEMIG (PPM-00428-17 and RED-00081-16). Funders did not influence the content of the study. M Rodrigues reports support for the present manuscript from the Centre of Studies in Geography and Spatial Planning, funded by national funds through the Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) under the reference UIDB/04084/2020. L Ronfani reports support for the present manuscript from the Italian Ministry of Health, funding received by the Institute for Maternal and Child Health IRCCS Burlo Garofolo (project “Ricerca Corrente 34/2017”). M Sabbatucci reports support for attending meetings and/or travel from Travel Grant Programme 2022 for Editorial Board Members from the Journal of Clinical Medicine (JCM) for conference participation; leadership or fiduciary roles in board, society, committee or advocacy groups, paid or unpaid with the Editorial Board of Journal of Clinical Medicine (JCM) as an unpaid member, the Board of the Global AMR R&D hub as an unpaid member, and GHSA (action package AMR and action package Surveillance) as an unpaid national representative; outside the submitted work. S Sacco reports grants or contracts from Novartis and Uriach; consulting fees from Novartis, Allergan-Abbvie, Teva, Lilly, Lundbeck, Pfizer, NovoNordisk, Abbott, AstraZeneca; payment or honoraria for lectures, presentations, speakers bureaus, manuscript writing or educational events from Novartis, Allergan-Abbvie, Teva, Lilly, Lundbeck, Pfizer, NovoNordisk, Abbott, AstraZeneca; support for attending meetings/travel from Lilly, Novartis, Teva, and Lundbeck; leadership or fiduciary roles in board, society, committee or advocacy groups, paid or unpaid with the European Stroke Organization as the president elect, and the European Headache Federation as the second vice-president; receipt of equipment, materials, drugs, medical writing, gifts or other services from Allergan-Abbvie and NovoNordisk; outside the submitted work. P S¬ Sachdev reports grants or contract from the National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia and the National Institutes of Health (NIH) USA; payment or honoraria for lectures, presentations, speakers bureaus, manuscript writing or educational events from Biogen Australia and Roche Australia; leadership or fiduciary roles in board, society, committee or advocacy groups, paid or unpaid with VASCOG Society on the executive committee; outside the submitted work. J Sanabria reports support for attending meetings and/or travel from the National Institute of Health (NIH) and the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK); participation on a Data Safety Monitoring Board or Advisory Board with Quality Assessment and Assurance Department of Surgery; leadership or fiduciary roles in board, society, committee or advocacy groups, paid or unpaid with ASTS, IHPBA, AASLD, and SSAT; outside the submitted work. N Scarmeas reports grants or contracts from NovoNordisc - Local PI of recruiting site for multinational, multicenter industry sponsored phase III treatment trial for Alzheimer's disease; participation on a Data Safety Monitoring Board or Advisory Board with Albert Einstein College of Medicine (NIH funded study) as the Chair of Data Safety Monitoring Board; outside the submitted work. M P Schlaich reports grants or contracts from National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia (NHMRC) and the Medical Research Foundation RPH; payment or honoraria for lectures, presentations, speakers bureaus, manuscript writing or educational events from Medtronic and Abbott; support for travel from Medtronic and Abbott; leadership or fiduciary roles in board, society, committee or advocacy groups, paid or unpaid with Hypertension Australia as the president; outside the submitted work. A S Shalash payment or honoraria for lectures, presentations, speakers bureaus, manuscript writing or educational events from Movement Disorders Society; outside the submitted work. S Sharma reports grants or contracts from the International Association for the Study of Pain John J Bonica Postdoctoral Fellowship; payment or honoraria for lectures, presentations, speakers bureaus, manuscript writing or educational events from the International Association for the Study of Pain (IASP) Congress in Toronto in 2022; support for attending meetings and/or travel from the International Association for the Study of Pain (IASP) Congress in Toronto in 2022; participation on a Data Safety Monitoring Board or Advisory Board with METEOR-2 Trial; leadership or fiduciary roles in board, society, committee or advocacy groups, paid or unpaid with the IASP Pain Mind and Movement Special Interest Group as an unpaid board member, and the Global Alliance of Partners for Pain Advocacy as a board member; all outside the submitted work. V Shivarov reports other financial support from ICON plc; outside the submitted work. S Shrestha reports other financial or non-financial support from School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia and awarded with the Graduate Research Merit Scholarship to pursue doctoral studies; outside the submitted work. L M L R Silva reports grants or contracts from project CENTRO-04-3559-FSE-000162, Fundo Social Europeu (FSE); outside the submitted work. J A Singh reports consulting fees from Crealta/Horizon, Medisys, Fidia, PK Med, Two labs Inc., Adept Field Solutions, Clinical Care options, Clearview Healthcare Partners, Putnam associates, Focus Forward, Navigant consulting, Spherix, MedIQ, Jupiter Life Science, UBM LLC, Trio Health, Medscape, WebMD, and Practice Point Communications, and the National Institutes of Health and the American College of Rheumatology; payment or honoraria for lectures, presentations, speakers bureaus, manuscript writing or educational events from the speaker’s bureau of Simply Speaking; support for attending meetings and/or travel from the steering committee of OMERACT; participation on a Data Safety Monitoring Board or Advisory Board as a member of the FDA Arthritis Advisory Committee; leadership or fiduciary roles in board, society, committee or advocacy groups, paid or unpaid as a steering committee member of the OMERACT, with the Veteran Affairs Rheumatology Field Advisory Committee as a Chair, and with the UAB Cochrane Musculoskeletal Group Satellite Center on Network Meta-analysis as an Editor; stock or stock options in Atai Life Sciences, Kintara Therapeutics, Intelligent Biosolutions, Acumen pharmaceutical, TPT Global Tech, Vaxart Pharmaceuticals, Atyu Biopharma, Adaptimmune Therapeutics, GeoVax Labs, Pieris Pharmaceuticals, Enzolytics Inc., Seres Therapeutics, Tonix Pharmaceuticals Holding Corp., and Charlotte’s Web Holdings, Inc, and previously owned stock options in Amarin, Viking, and Moderna Pharmaceuticals; all outside the submitted work. S T Skou reports grants or contracts from the European Research Council, European Union’s Horizon 2020 research innovation program, and Region Zealand; royalties or licenses from Munksgaard and TrustMe-Ed; payment or honoraria for lectures, presentations, speakers bureaus, manuscript writing or educational events from Nestlé Health Science; other support as the co-founder of GLA:D; outside the submitted work. R Somayaji reports grants or contracts from Cystic Fibrosis Foundation, Canadian Institutes of Health Research, University of Calgary, and Vertex Pharmaceuticals; consulting fees from Phase I trial for Clarametyx Inc; payment or honoraria for lectures, presentations, speakers bureaus, manuscript writing or educational events from Vertex Pharmaceuticals; participation on a Data Safety Monitoring Board or Advisory Board for Oncovir Inc and Cystic Fibrosis Foundation; outside the submitted work. S Song reports grants or contracts from the University of Georgia and Georgia Clinical and Translational Science Awards (CTSA) program; outside the submitted work. D J Stein reports other financial or non-financial support from Discovery Vitality, Johnson & Johnson, Kanna, L’Oreal, Lundbeck, Orion, Sanofi, Servier, Takeda and Vistagen; outside the submitted work. M A Stokes reports payment or honoraria for lectures, presentations, speakers bureaus, manuscript writing or educational events from Stanford Neurodiversity Summit 2022 and SIKON 2022; leadership or fiduciary roles in board, society, committee or advocacy groups, paid or unpaid with The Australasian Society for Autism Research as President, Kidsafe Victoria as Vice President, and the Council of the Aged as Director; outside the submitted work. P S Suchdev reports grants or contracts from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation; outside the submitted work. J Sundström reports stock or stock options in Anagram kommunikation AB and Symptoms Europe AB; outside the submitted work. M Szócska report support for the present manuscript from the National Research, Development and Innovation office in Hungary (grant RRF-2.3.1-21-2022-00006). R Tabarés-Seisdedos reports grants or contracts from Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation, Institute of Health Carlos III (PID2021-129099OB-I00) and the GENERALITAT VALENCIANA (CIPROM/2022/58); outside the submitted work. S K Tadakamadla reports grants or contracts from the National Health and Medical Research Council Early Career Fellowship; outside the submitted work. M Tonelli reports leadership or fiduciary roles in board, society, committee or advocacy groups, paid or unpaid with the International Society of Nephrology; outside the submitted work. D R Uezono reports other financial or non-financial support from Roche (Philippines) Inc; outside the submitted work. E Upadhyay reports published patents for a system and method of reusable filters for anti-pollution mask, a system and method for electricity generation through crop stubble by using microbial fuel cells, a system for disposed personal protection equipment (PPE) into biofuel through pyrolysis and method, and a novel herbal pharmaceutical aid for formulation of gel and method thereof; leadership or fiduciary roles in board, society, committee or advocacy groups, paid or unpaid with the Indian Meteorological Society, Jaipur Chapter (India) as joint secretary and DSTPURSE Program as member secretary; outside the submitted work. H G C Van Spall reports support for the present manuscript from the Canadian Institute of Health Research. D Vervoort reports leadership or fiduciary roles in board, society, committee or advocacy groups, paid or unpaid with the Global Alliance for Rheumatic and Congenital Hearts as an unpaid board member; other financial or non-financial support from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (Vanier Canada Graduate Scholarship); outside the submitted work. Z Wang reports grants or contracts from The Fred Hollows Foundation, McGill University Global Health Scholars Program, Fonds de recherche du Québec – Santé, and the China Scholarship Council; consulting fees from The Fred Hollows Foundations; support for attending meetings and/or travel from the Graduate Mobility Award from McGill University, and The Fred Hollows Foundations; leadership or fiduciary roles in board, society, committee or advocacy groups, paid or unpaid with the Consortium of Universities for Global Health Trainee Advisory Committee; outside the submitted work. A Waris reports support for the present manuscript from Leona M. and Harry B. Helmsley Charitable Trust via the Addressing the Challenge and Constraints of Insulin Sources and Supply study. M Y Wei reports grants or contracts from the National Institutes of Health; leadership or fiduciary roles in board, society, committee or advocacy groups, paid or unpaid with the Society of General Internal Medicine on the research committee as a chair; outside the submitted work. A D Woolf reports leadership or fiduciary roles in board, society, committee or advocacy groups, paid or unpaid with the Global Alliance for Musculoskeletal Health as a co-chair; outside the submitted work. H Xu reports support for the present manuscript from National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (NIMHD) U54MD012530; grants or contracts from the National Institute on Aging (NIA) (R21AG075228); support for attending meetings and/or travel from the National Institute on Aging (NIA) (R13AG054139). X Xu reports support for the present manuscript from the National Heart Foundation of Australia and the Scientia Program, University of New South Wales, Australia; outside the submitted work. S Zadey payment or honoraria for lectures, presentations, speakers bureaus, manuscript writing or educational events from Think Global Health, Harvard Public Health; support for attending meetings and/or travel from Gates Foundation for IDM Symposium 2023, Lancet Commission for Commission meeting 2023, MoHFW for G-20 Youth Health Meet, New Delhi 2023 Duke University for KCMC Fieldwork 2023; participation on a Data Safety Monitoring Board or Advisory Board with Nivarana, India; leadership or fiduciary roles in board, society, committee or advocacy groups, paid or unpaid with ASAR India as a board member and G4 Alliance as a council member; outside the submitted work. F Zakaryaei reports payment or honoraria for lectures, presentations, speakers bureaus, manuscript writing or educational events from Kurdistan University of Medical Science in 2021, the 11th International Virtual Seminar On COVID-19- Part II (SciTech CentralCOVID-19); patents planned, issued or pending: a composite fixator of nasogastric tube and Foley catheter, Iran (Patent No.104989); outside the submitted work. J-D Zeitoun reports consulting fees from Takeda and AbbVie; payment or honoraria for lectures, presentations, speakers bureaus, manuscript writing or educational events from Boehringer Ingelheim; leadership or fiduciary roles in board, society, committee or advocacy groups, paid or unpaid with Posos; stock or stock options in Allurion; other financial or non-financial support as a founding partner at Inato; outside the submitted work. B Ziaeian reports support for the present manuscript from NHLBI grant funding and the American Heart Association (AHA); leadership or fiduciary roles in board, society, committee or advocacy groups, paid or unpaid with the AHA Guideline Committee on Performance Measures and the AHA Guideline Committee on Clinical Practice. L J Zuhlke reports support for the present manuscript from the National Research Foundation of South Africa (NRFSA), as well as the UK Medical Research Council (MRC) and the UK Department for International Development (DFID) under the MRC/DFID Concordat agreement, via the African Research Leader Award (MR/S005242/1), the South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC) through its Division of Research Capacity Development under the Mid-Career Scientist Programme from funding received from the South African National Treasury (the content hereof is the sole responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of the SAMRC); leadership or fiduciary roles in board, society, committee or advocacy groups, paid or unpaid with the World Heart Federation, The Non-Communicable Disease Alliance, Food Forward South Africa and the Human Frontier Science Program. A Zumla reports other financial or non-financial support from the Pan African Network for Rapid Research, Response, and Preparedness for Infectious Diseases Epidemics Consortium (PANDORA-ID-NET), European and Developing Countries Clinical Trials Partnership the EU Horizon 2020 Framework Programme (EDCTP-RIA2016E-1609); outside the submitted work.