Quang, Chau https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1423-7167
Anderson, Jeremy
Russell, Fiona M.
Reyburn, Rita
Ratu, Tupou
Tuivaga, Evelyn
Devi, Rachel
Frazer, Ian H. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8002-4680
Garland, Suzanne M.
Wines, Bruce https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4108-375X
Hogarth, P. Mark
Mulholland, Kim
Chung, Amy W. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0020-9704
Toh, Zheng Quan https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0282-5837
Licciardi, Paul V. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6086-6285
Funding for this research was provided by:
University of Melbourne
Department of Health | National Health and Medical Research Council
Article History
Received: 8 October 2024
Accepted: 20 February 2025
First Online: 3 March 2025
Competing interests
: S.M.G. has received grants from Merck, GlaxoSmithKline, CSL and the Commonwealth Department of Health; has received nonfinancial support from Merck; and has delivered lectures and received speaking fees from MSD and Sanofi Pasteur MSD for work performed in her personal time. All other authors report no potential conflicts.
: Ethics approval for use of the serum samples in this analysis has previously been obtained from the Fiji National Research Ethics Review Committee, Fiji National Research Committee (2014.5.FNRERC.5.SU), and the Royal Children’s Hospital Human Research Ethics Committee, Melbourne, Australia (34239 A). Informed consent or assent was received from participants in this study.