Blizard, Gabrielle S. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8861-4039
Dwivedi, Garima
Pan, Yi-Gen https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2427-2759
Hou, Catherine https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8905-8492
Etersque, Jean M. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1206-2239
Said, Hooda
Chevrier, Anik
Lavertu, Marc
Ni, Houping
Davis, Benjamin
Tam, Ying https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4083-5251
Cao, Quy
Mach, Robert H. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7645-2869
Weissman, Drew
Alameh, Mohamad-Gabriel https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5672-6930
Sellmyer, Mark A. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1407-1905
Funding for this research was provided by:
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | NIH Office of the Director (DP5-OD26386)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of General Medical Sciences (R01GM150804)
Burroughs Wellcome Fund (CAMS)
Cancer Research Institute (CRI5589)
Article History
Received: 11 June 2024
Accepted: 20 February 2025
First Online: 6 March 2025
Competing interests
: M.A.S. and R.H.M. are cofounders of Vellum Biosciences and inventors on intellectual property (IP) related to the PET imaging of genetic therapies. A provisional patent related to this work has been filed with the USPTO (63/637301) on which M.A.S., G.B., M.G.A., G.D., R.H.M., and D.W. are inventors. Y.T. is an employee of Acuitas, holds equity at Acuitas, and is cited on multiple patents for the use of lipid nanoparticles in vaccines and therapeutics. M.G.A. and D.W. are cited on multiple patents for the use of lipid nanoparticles, vaccines and therapeutics. M.G.A. serves as a scientific adviser for AfriGen Biologics, and also has an ownership stake in RNA Technologies. D.W. serves as a scientific advisor for Arcturus Therapeutics, Cabaletta Bio, and Versatope Therapeutics, and also has ownership stakes in Capstan Therapeutics, Orbital Therapeutics, Zipcode Bio, and RNA Technologies. D.W. receives royalties from CellScript and Capstan Therapeutics. All senior authors declare no conflicts of interest. In accordance with the University of Pennsylvania and Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia policies and procedures and our ethical obligations as researchers, we have disclosed those interests fully to the University of Pennsylvania and the Children Hospital of Philadelphia and have in place an approved plan for managing any potential conflicts arising from licensing of the patents.