Document is current

Article History

Received: 14 June 2024

Accepted: 5 March 2025

First Online: 13 March 2025

Competing interests

: Intellectual property has been filed, addressing discoveries disclosed in this manuscript. J.J.O. reports support and/or research and consulting support from the National Cancer Institute (R21 CA259236, K12 CA90628-23), Prostate Cancer Foundation, Mayo Lawrence W. and Marilyn W. Matteson Fund, NaNotics LLC, and Partner Therapeutics. L.K. reports consultant activities for Immunocore. M.S.B. reports institutional research support from Alkermes, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Genentech, Merck, nFerence, Perspective Therapeutics, Pharmacyclics, Regeneron, Sorrento, TILT Biotherapeutics, Transgene, and Viewpoint Molecular Therapeutics; as well as consultant activities for Sorrento Therapeutics, TILT Biotherapeutics, and Viewpoint Molecular Targeting; and receipt of drugs from Merck (pembrolizumab for an investigator-sponsored trial). A.S.M. reports grant funding from Novartis and Verily; support from Answers in CME, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Kanker Instituut, AXIS Medical Education Inc, BeiGene, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co Ltd, Ideology Health LLC, Immunocore, Intellisphere LLC, Janssen, Johnson & Johnson Global Services, MJH Life Sciences, University of Miami Int’l Mesothelioma Symposium; consulting activities with AbbVie, AstraZeneca, BMS, Genentech, Gilead, Janssen, Sanofi Genzyme, Rising Tide, Takeda Oncology, and TRIPTYCH Health Partners; study funding subsequent publication processing fees from Genentech, Janssen, BMS; steering committee member for Janssen and Johnson & Johnson Global Services; travel support from Roche; was a non-remunerated director of the Mesothelioma Applied Research Foundation and is a non-remunerated director of the Friends of Patan Hospital. D.S.C. reports honoraria from Targeted Oncology, GU Onc Live, Curio, MJH Life Sciences, IntrinsiQ, International Centers for Precision Oncology Foundation; consulting or advisory roles in Janssen Biotech (Inst), Novartis (Inst), Abdera (Inst); research funding from Janssen Biotech (Inst), Novartis (Inst). R.R.M. reports grant funding from GlaxoSmithKline and BMS. S.N.M. reports grant funding, clinical trial for BMS, and grant funding, as well as PI for Journey Therapeutics and Sorrento Pharma. M.D. reports personal stock of less than $5,000 in Pfizer. K.O. reports an honorarium from UptoDate. D.O. reports research support from AstraZeneca and Varian; as well as an honorarium from UptoDate. S.P. reports support from NCI R21 CA259236 and the Mayo Lawrence W. and Marilyn W. Matteson Fund. D.M. reports intellectual property from EXACT Sciences, InSitu Biologics, and CurrentHealth. F.L. reports receiving research support tothe institution from Nanotics LLC; serving as scientific consultant for Mursla Bio; and receiving royalties from Early is Good. J.W. reports support from NCI R21 CA259236 and Mayo Lawrence W. and Marilyn W. Matteson Fund and non-remunerated director of AABB, ASFA, and ISFA, as well as an advisory board position for DSMB (paid). The remaining authors declare no competing interests.