Brangulis, Kalvis https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0757-7462
Malfetano, Jill
Marcinkiewicz, Ashley L.
Wang, Alan https://orcid.org/0009-0009-6814-3626
Chen, Yi-Lin
Lee, Jungsoon
Liu, Zhuyun
Yang, Xiuli
Strych, Ulrich https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9455-7683
Tupina, Dagnija
Akopjana, Inara
Bottazzi, Maria-Elena https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8429-0476
Pal, Utpal https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7504-4628
Hsieh, Ching-Lin
Chen, Wen-Hsiang https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0542-1598
Lin, Yi-Pin https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5240-2031
Funding for this research was provided by:
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (R01AI181746, R44AI152954, R21AI144891, R01AI154542)
United States Department of Defense | United States Army | Army Medical Command | Congressionally Directed Medical Research Programs (W81XWH-20-1-0913)
Article History
Received: 12 July 2024
Accepted: 14 March 2025
First Online: 7 April 2025
Competing interests
: Y.L. is the inventor of US patent application no. US11771750B2 (“Composition and method for generating immunity to Borrelia burgdorferi”). The remaining authors declare no competing interests.