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Basu, Sreyashi https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5028-3833
Baquer, Gerard https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4433-4972
Ahn, Ryuhjin https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9788-4401
Gantchev, Jennifer
Jindal, Sonali https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3911-6815
Regan, Michael S. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5252-2829
Abou-Mrad, Zaki https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6387-8396
Prabhu, Michael C.
Williams, Marc J. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5524-4174
D’Souza, Alicia D.
Malinowski, Seth W.
Hopland, Kelsey
Elhanati, Yuval https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4354-8864
Stopka, Sylwia A. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3761-6899
Stortchevoi, Alexei
Couturier, Charles
He, Zhong
Sun, Jingjing
Chen, Yulong
Espejo, Alexsandra B. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8841-7219
Chow, Kin Hoe
Yerrum, Smitha
Kao, Pei-Lun
Kerrigan, Brittany Parker
Norberg, Lisa
Nielsen, Douglas
,
Wiley, Jennifer
Partridge, Kathryn
Gocheva, Vasilena
Chukwueke, Ugonma N.
Michor, Franziska
Ogilvie, Shahiba
Mineo, Marco
Hossain, Md Amin
Rincon-Torroella, Jordina
Vogelzang, Jayne
Vasquez, Kimberly Lopez
Solomon, Isaac H.
Soni, Himanshu
Ball, Anna
Piranlioglu, Raziye
Triggs, Daniel
Ling, Alexander L.
Masud, Nafisa
Landivar, Ana Montalvo
Polk, Marla J.
Elharouni, Dina
Ayoub, Georges
Hu, Jian
Larsen, Alexandra Giantini
Sharma, Pratibha
Douville, Christopher
Puduvalli, Vinay K. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8396-9500
Huse, Jason https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4514-0640
Beroukhim, Rameen https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6303-3609
Kim, Betty Y. S. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6890-8355
Goswami, Sangeeta https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9201-4503
Boire, Adrienne https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9029-1248
Frisken, Sarah
Cima, Michael J. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2379-6139
Holdhoff, Matthias
Lucas, Calixto-Hope G. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8347-9592
Bettegowda, Chetan https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9991-7123
Levine, Stuart S. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7363-562X
Bale, Tejus A.
Brennan, Cameron
Reardon, David A. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6674-0157
Lang, Frederick F. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3747-873X
Chiocca, E. Antonio https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5183-1670
Ligon, Keith L.
White, Forest M. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1545-1651
Sharma, Padmanee https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4658-055X
Tabar, Viviane https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1284-1670
Agar, Nathalie Y. R. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3149-3146
Funding for this research was provided by:
Break Through Cancer
Article History
Received: 23 January 2024
Accepted: 19 March 2025
First Online: 28 April 2025
Competing interests
: C.B. is a consultant for: Depuy-Synthes, GalecVn Therapeutics, Haystack Oncology, Privo Technologies and Bionaut Labs, and co-founder of OrisDx and Belay Diagnostics. A.B. is on the Scientific Advisory Board in an unpaid capacity for Evren Technologies and is an inventor on the following patents: 62/258,044, 10/413,522, and 63/052,139, as well as the US Provisional Patent Applications No. 63/449,817, and 63/449,823, and the International Patent Application No. PCT/US24/18343 filed by MSKCC. M.H. is on the Data Safety Monitoring board for Paraxel, Advarra; on the Scientific Advisory Board for Bayer, AnHeartTherapeuVcs Inc, and Servier; and speaking engagement with Novartis. D.R. is a consultant for: AnHeart Pharmaceuticals, Aptitude Health, BlueRock Therapeutics LP, CeCaVaGmbH & Co.KG, Chimeric Therapeutics, Elsevier, Enterome, F. Hoffman La-Roche, Genenta Science, Inovio, Insightec, Janssen, Jupiter Life Sciences Consulting, LLC, Kintara, Kiyatec, Johnson & Johnson, Pharma, Lumanity, Menari Stemline, Miltenyi Biomedicine GmbH, Neuvogen, Novocure, Paradigm Medical Communications, Putnam Inizii Associates, LLC, Sumitono Dainippon Pharma Oncology, Servier, Triangle Insights Group, Vivacitas Oncology, Inc., WebMD; and is on the Data Safety Monitoring Board for ImVax, CeCaVaGmbH; Private Investment in AnHeart Therapeutics, Bionaut Lab, and has received research funding via DFCI from Acerta Phamaceuticals, Agenus, Ashvattha Therapeutics, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Corbus Pharma, EMD Serono, Enterome, Epitopoietic Research Corporation, Incyte, Inovio, Insightec, Invios, Merck, Medicenna Therapeutics, Mogling Bio, NeoTx Ltd, Numiera Therapeutics, Sapience Therapeutics, SphereBio, Vaccinex. P.S. is on the Scientific Advisory Board for: Achelois, Akoya Biosciences, Affini-T, Apricity, Asher Bio, BioAtla LLC, Candel Therapeutics, Catalio, C-Reveal Therapeutics, Dragonfly Therapeutics, Earli Inc, Enable Medicine, Glympse, Henlius/Hengenix, Hummingbird, ImaginAb, InterVenn Biosciences, LAVA Therapeutics, Lytix Biopharma, Marker Therapeutics, Matrisome, NTx, Oncolytics, Osteologic, PBM Capital, Phenomic AI, Polaris Pharma, Soley Therapeutics, Spotlight, Trained Therapeutix Discovery, Two Bear Capital, Vironexis, Xilis, Inc. Private Investment: Adaptive Biotechnologies, BioNTech, JSL Health, Sporos, Time Bioventures. N.A. is a consultant for: Bruker; on the Scientific Advisory Board for: National Brain Tumor Society and received research support from Thermo, EMD Serono and iTeos Therapeutics. R.B. was previously on the Scientific Advisory Board for: Scorpion Therapeutics, co-founder of Karyoverse Therapeutics; owns equity in Karyoverse Therapeutics and Takeda Therapeutics. M.C. is a consultant for: Dare Bioscience, Johnson and Johnson; is director at GelMEDIX Inc., and director and founder of Stratagen Bio. K.L.L. has interests not directly related to the study: Equity holder: Travera Inc., Consultant: Travera Inc, Servier, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Integragen, L.E.K. Consulting, Blaze Bioscience; and received research funding to DFCI: via Bristol-Myers Squibb and Eli-Lilly. L.C.-H. is a consultant for Servier. F.M. is a co-founder of and has equity in Harbinger Health, has equity in Zephyr AI, and serves as a consultant for both companies. She is also on the board of directors of Recursion Pharmaceuticals. None of these relationships are directly or indirectly related to the content of this manuscript. The rest of the authors do not have competing interests to declare.