Beale, Sarah https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4038-7460
Yavlinsky, Alexei https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4100-4257
Moncunill, Gemma https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5105-9836
Fong, Wing Lam Erica https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5097-2228
Nguyen, Vincent Grigori https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9776-6242
Kovar, Jana https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0477-2767
Hayward, Andrew C.
Abubakar, Ibrahim https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0370-1430
Aldridge, Robert W. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0542-0816
Funding for this research was provided by:
RCUK | Medical Research Council (MR/V028375/1)
Wellcome Trust (206602)
EC | Directorate-General for Employment, Social Affairs and Inclusion | European Social Fund (RYC 2020–029886-I/ AEI/10.13039/501100011033)
Department for Health and Social Care
Article History
Received: 18 June 2024
Accepted: 2 April 2025
First Online: 17 April 2025
Competing interests
: ACH serves on the UK New and Emerging Respiratory Virus Threats Advisory Group. All other authors declare no competing interests.