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Authors
Tsang, Tim K. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5037-6776
Rojas, Diana P.
Xu, Fei
Xu, Yanfang
Zhu, Xiaolin
Halloran, M. Elizabeth https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3127-1757
Longini, Ira M.
Yang, Yang
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
The Research Assessment Exercise (RAE) 2026 Development Fund.
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Article History
Received: 19 January 2025
Accepted: 28 April 2025
First Online: 8 May 2025
Competing interests
: All authors report no potential conflicts of interest.
: This study used publicly available, de-identified surveillance data from the Instituto Nacional de Salud (INS) and regional health departments in Colombia. Since the data were de-identified and publicly available, and no interaction with human subjects occurred, ethical approval was not required for this analysis. Direct collaboration was not established with local researchers; their critical role in data collection is acknowledged in the Acknowledgements. The study adhered to relevant local ethical standards and incorporated local and regional research in its citations, underscoring our commitment to ethical and equitable global research collaborations.
