Lee, Bum Seok https://orcid.org/0009-0007-3507-3153
Cook, Ashley
Sur, Surojit https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4536-7343
Dobbyn, Laura
Popoli, Maria
Khalili, Sana https://orcid.org/0009-0002-8635-1540
Zhou, Shibin https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1941-4425
Bettegowda, Chetan https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9991-7123
Papadopoulos, Nickolas https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7135-7451
Gabrielson, Kathy
Buckhaults, Phillip https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1369-8957
Vogelstein, Bert https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0766-3854
Kinzler, Kenneth W. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5591-1176
Wyhs, Nicolas https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4252-4470
Funding for this research was provided by:
Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research
Howard Hughes Medical Institute
Lustgarten Foundation
Commonwealth Fund
Article History
Received: 11 September 2024
Accepted: 1 May 2025
First Online: 27 May 2025
Competing interests
: B.V., K.W.K., & N.P. are founders of Thrive Earlier Detection, an Exact Sciences Company. K.W.K., N.P. are consultants to Thrive Earlier Detection. K.W.K., N.P., and S.Z. hold equity in Exact Sciences. B.V., K.W.K., N.P., S.S., and S.Z. are founders of or consultants to and own equity in CLASP, Haystack Oncology, Neophore, and CAGE Pharma. N.P. is consultant to Vidium. B.V. is a consultant to and holds equity in Catalio Capital Management. S.Z. has a research agreement with BioMed Valley Discoveries, Inc. C.B. is a consultant to Depuy-Synthes, Bionaut Labs, Haystack Oncology, and Privo Technologies. C.B. is a co-founder of OrisDx and Belay Diagnostics. The companies named above, as well as other companies, have licensed previously described technologies peripherally-related work described in this paper from Johns Hopkins University. B.V., K.W.K., N.P., and S.S. are inventors on some of these technologies. Licenses to these technologies are or will be associated with equity or royalty payments to the inventors as well as to Johns Hopkins University. The terms of all these arrangements are being managed by Johns Hopkins University in accordance with its conflict-of-interest policies. The remaining authors declare no competing interests.