Ahn, Hak-Young https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5441-1054
Walters, Jordan B. https://orcid.org/0009-0003-9734-1003
Avila, Raudel
Oh, Seyong https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3989-1117
Seo, Seung Gi
Kim, Jong Uk
Park, Jihun
Yoo, Seonggwang https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9126-927X
Choi, Yeon Sik https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3813-3442
Kim, Tae Yeon
Liu, Jiaqi https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5587-7243
Yoo, Jae-Young https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0934-4718
Weissleder, Oliver Ralph https://orcid.org/0009-0006-7574-6204
D’Andrea, Dominic
Park, Chanho
Lee, Geumbee
Cho, Donghwi https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9382-3820
Maeng, Woo-Youl https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2542-9359
Yoon, Hong-Joon https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5668-3192
Wickerson, Grace
Bouricha, Yasmine
Tian, Jing
Chung, Tzu Chun
Jordan, Sumanas W.
Li, Song https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4760-8828
Huang, Yonggang https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0483-8359
Franz, Colin K. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4546-8638
Rogers, John A. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2980-3961
Funding for this research was provided by:
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | Center for Information Technology (R01NS126918, R01NS126918)
Korea Health Industry Development Institute (HI19C1348)
American Society of Mechanical Engineers (Haythornthwaite Foundation Research Initiation Grant)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (R03HD101090)
Richard K. and Shirley S. Hemingway Foundation
American Neuromuscular Foundation (Development Grant), and the Belle Carnell Regenerative Neurorehabilitation Fund at the Shirley Ryan AbilityLab.
Article History
Received: 8 October 2024
Accepted: 29 April 2025
First Online: 22 May 2025
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.