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Authors
Tran, Manuel https://orcid.org/0009-0004-9431-754X
Schmidle, Paul
Guo, Ruifeng Ray https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3345-0502
Wagner, Sophia J. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3763-2282
Koch, Valentin https://orcid.org/0009-0003-9678-374X
Lupperger, Valerio https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0112-2283
Novotny, Brenna https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4732-1736
Murphree, Dennis H.
Hardway, Heather D.
D’Amato, Marina https://orcid.org/0009-0002-2258-0715
Lefkes, Judith https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0813-4049
Geijs, Daan J.
Feuchtinger, Annette
Böhner, Alexander
Kaczmarczyk, Robert https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8570-1601
Biedermann, Tilo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5352-5105
Amir, Avital L.
Mooyaart, Antien L.
Ciompi, Francesco https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8327-9606
Litjens, Geert https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1554-1291
Wang, Chen https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2638-3081
Comfere, Nneka I.
Eyerich, Kilian https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0094-2674
Braun, Stephan A. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5600-0195
Marr, Carsten https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2154-4552
Peng, Tingying
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Article History
Received: 13 December 2024
Accepted: 12 May 2025
First Online: 27 May 2025
Competing interests
: M.T. is employed by Roche Diagnostics GmbH but conducted his research independently of his work at Roche Diagnostics GmbH as a guest scientist at Helmholtz Munich (Helmholtz Zentrum München—Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Gesundheit und Umwelt GmbH). The remaining authors declare no competing interests.
: An interdisciplinary team of computer scientists, dermatologists, and pathologists from different institutions worked closely together. They shared their expertise and maintained the integrity of the scientific record throughout the study. Local researchers were involved in the research process to ensure that the study was locally relevant. Roles and responsibilities were agreed prior to the study and capacity-building plans were discussed. All research procedures were conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. Ethics approval was granted by the Ethics Committee of the Technical University Munich (reference number 2024-98-S-CB) and the Ethics Committee of Westfalen-Lippe (reference number 2024-157-b-S).
