Mueller, Niklas https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1542-9497
Wang, Tianyi
Katz, Or
Davoudi, Zohreh https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7288-2810
Cetina, Marko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1942-9977
Funding for this research was provided by:
U.S. Department of Energy (DE-SC0020970, DE-SC0020271)
National Science Foundation (OMA-2120757, OMA-2120757)
Article History
Received: 4 October 2024
Accepted: 16 May 2025
First Online: 1 July 2025
Competing interests
: M.C. is a co-inventor on patents that are licensed from the University of Maryland to IonQ, Inc. The remaining authors declare no competing interests.