He, Xiao https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3318-231X
Chen, Jiadong https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4915-5682
Zhong, Yan
Cen, Peili https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1497-2209
Shen, Li https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5696-2191
Huang, Fei
Wang, Jing https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9761-9915
Jin, Chentao https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4238-1564
Zhou, Rui https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5373-6917
Zhang, Xiaohui https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4927-2117
Wang, Anxin
Fan, Jing
Wu, Shuang
Tu, Mengjiao
Qin, Xiyi
Luo, Xiaoyun https://orcid.org/0009-0002-0272-9340
Zhou, Yu
Peng, Jieqiao
Zhou, Youyou
Civelek, A. Cahid
Tian, Mei https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1587-2114
Zhang, Hong https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4084-5150
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (82030049, 32027802, 82102095, 82302262, 82302267, 82394433)
National Key Research and Development Program of China
Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province (LY23H180005)
Youth Physician Scientist Training Program of Westlake University College of Medicine
Article History
Received: 10 August 2023
Accepted: 13 May 2025
First Online: 3 June 2025
Competing interests
: The authors declare the following competing interests: Jing Fan and Anxin Wang are named inventors on two Chinese patents (Application Nos. CN 202110505838.6 and CN 201810298488.9) related to the neural induction and differentiation methodology (optimized RONA method) described in this study. These patents are owned by Hopstem Bioengineering Co., Ltd. and were granted in 2025 and 2020, respectively. All remaining authors declare no competing interests related to this work.