Haahr, Thor https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9304-5299
Freiesleben, Nina la Cour https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5670-2015
Jensen, Mette Brix
Elbaek, Helle Olesen
Alsbjerg, Birgit
Laursen, Rita
Prætorius, Lisbeth
Nielsen, Henriette Svarre https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2106-8103
Pinborg, Anja https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8340-104X
Boujida, Vibeke Hartvig
Pedersen, Thomas Roland
Skafte-Holm, Axel https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6759-2758
Jensen, Jørgen Skov
Humaidan, Peter
Article History
Received: 6 August 2024
Accepted: 16 May 2025
First Online: 4 June 2025
Competing interests
: J.S.J., P.H. and T.H. are listed as inventors in an international patent application (PCT/US2018/040882), involving the therapeutic use of vaginal lactobacilli to improve IVF outcomes. T.H. received honoraria for lectures from Gedeon Richter and Merck. P.H. received unrestricted research grants outside this study from Merck, IBSA and Gedeon Richter as well as honoraria for lectures from MSD, Merck, Gedeon-Richter, and Theramex. J.S.J. received grants, speaker’s fee, and non-financial support from Hologic, speaker’s fees from LeoPharma and grants from Nabriva, all outside the submitted work and serves on the scientific advisory board of Roche Molecular Systems, Abbott Molecular and Cepheid. N.L.C.F. received unrestricted research grant from Gedeon Richter and honoraria for lectures from Merck. H.S.N. received through her institution research grant from Ferring and Freya Biosciences and honoraria for lectures from Merck, IBSA, Gedeon Richter, Novo Nordisk, Cook medical and Ferring. The remaining authors declare no competing interests related to this manuscript.