Hazelwood, Emma https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4888-6037
Canson, Daffodil M. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8104-822X
Deslandes, Benedita https://orcid.org/0009-0000-2738-4794
Wang, Xuemin
Kho, Pik Fang
Legge, Danny
Constantinescu, Andrei-Emil
Lee, Matthew A. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6262-3447
Bishop, D. Timothy https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8752-8785
Chan, Andrew T. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7284-6767
Gruber, Stephen B. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8656-7822
Hampe, Jochen https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2421-6127
Le Marchand, Loic
Woods, Michael O.
Pai, Rish K.
Schmit, Stephanie L. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5931-1194
Figueiredo, Jane C.
Zheng, Wei
Huyghe, Jeroen R. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6027-9806
Murphy, Neil https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3347-8249
Gunter, Marc J.
Richardson, Tom G. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7918-2040
Whitehall, Vicki L. J. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8285-2391
Vincent, Emma E. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8917-7384
Glubb, Dylan M. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2184-7708
O’Mara, Tracy A. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5436-3232
Funding for this research was provided by:
Department of Health | National Health and Medical Research Council (APP1179170, APP177524)
Cancer Research UK (C18281/A30905, C18281/A29019)
Harold Hyam Wingate Foundation
European Association for Cancer Research
RCUK | Medical Research Council (MC_UU_00032/03)
Wellcome Trust (218495/Z/19/Z)
Article History
Received: 5 September 2024
Accepted: 17 May 2025
First Online: 30 May 2025
Competing interests
: T.G.R. is employed full-time by GlaxoSmithKline outside of the research presented in this manuscript. Where authors are identified as personnel of the International Agency for Research on Cancer/World Health Organization, the authors alone are responsible for the views expressed in this article and they do not necessarily represent the decisions, policy, or views of the International Agency for Research on Cancer/World Health Organization. This article is the result of the scientific work of Dr Murphy while he was affiliated at IARC. The remaining authors declare no competing interests.