Xie, Tian https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6406-0403
Wolf, Tobias M.
Xu, Siyuan
Cui, Zhiyuan
Xiong, Richen
Ou, Yunbo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9350-8756
Hays, Patrick
Holleis, Ludwig F. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9718-2477
Guo, Yi
Sheekey, Owen I.
Patterson, Caitlin
Arp, Trevor
Watanabe, Kenji https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3701-8119
Taniguchi, Takashi https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1467-3105
Tongay, Seth Ariel https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8294-984X
Young, Andrea F.
MacDonald, Allan H. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3561-3379
Jin, Chenhao https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5965-7475
Funding for this research was provided by:
United States Department of Defense | United States Air Force | AFMC | Air Force Office of Scientific Research (FA9550-23-1-0117)
National Science Foundation (Grant No.2139319, DMR–2308817, DMR–2308817, DMR–2308817, DMR–2308817)
MEXT | Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (20H00354, 23H02052, 20H00354, 23H02052)
World Premier International Research Center Initiative (WPI), MEXT, Japan
U.S. Department of Energy (DOE-SC0020653, DE-SC0020043)
NSF | Directorate for Mathematical & Physical Sciences | Division of Materials Research (DMR 2111812, DMR 2206987, DMR-1906325)
NSF | ENG/OAD | Division of Civil, Mechanical and Manufacturing Innovation (CMMI 2129412)
Lawrence Semiconductor Labs
Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation (GBMF9471)
David and Lucile Packard Foundation (2016-65145)
Article History
Received: 13 February 2025
Accepted: 29 May 2025
First Online: 1 July 2025
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.