Hansen, Johanne K.
Israelsen, Mads
Nishijima, Suguru
Stinson, Sara E. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1491-9179
Andersen, Peter
Johansen, Stine https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5031-2294
Hansen, Camilla D.
Brol, Maximilian Joseph https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2879-7560
Klein, Sabine
Schierwagen, Robert https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2195-3666
Uschner, Frank Erhard
Sulek, Karolina https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7117-3756
Villesen, Ida F.
Lindvig, Katrine P.
Thorhauge, Katrine H. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0411-0373
Torp, Nikolaj
Jensen, Jane M.
Keller, Marisa Isabell https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1485-415X
Jensen, Gitte H.
Detlefsen, Sönke https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9466-2333
Leeming, Diana J.
Stankevic, Evelina https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6433-6975
Suvitaival, Tommi https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2583-4912
Zawadzki, Andressa
Kuhn, Michael https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2841-872X
Jensen, Lars Juhl https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7885-715X
Karsdal, Morten
Trebicka, Jonel https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7028-3881
Israelsen, Hans
Legido-Quigley, Cristina
Bork, Peer
Arumugam, Manimozhiyan https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0886-9101
Hansen, Torben https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8748-3831
Thiele, Maja https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1854-1924
Krag, Aleksander https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9598-4932
Funding for this research was provided by:
EC | Horizon 2020 Framework Programme (668031)
Novo Nordisk Fonden (NNF15OC0016692, NNF15OC0016692)
Article History
Received: 4 May 2024
Accepted: 2 June 2025
First Online: 1 July 2025
Competing interests
: J.K.H. has received a speaker’s fee from Norgine A/S. M.I.’s father and co-author, H.I., is full-time employed and a stockholder at Nordic Rebalance that produces ReFerm®. M.I. is not employed and is not a stockholder in the company. S.E.S. was funded by the NNF Copenhagen Bioscience PhD Program (grant no. NNF18CC0033668). C.D.H.: Received speaker’s fee from Novo Nordisk. K.S. is funded by the Novo Nordisk Foundation Excellence Emerging Investigator Grant—Endocrinology and Metabolism 2022 (grant no. NNF 0074491). Involved in various projects with funding from or directly with Novo Nordisk A/S, all outside the submitted work. K.P.L. has received a speaker’s fee from Siemens and Novo Nordisk and is a board member and co-founder of Evido. D.J.L. and M.Ka. are full-time employees and stockholders at Nordic Bioscience. A.Z. is a full-time employee of Nordic Bioscience. L.J.J. is funded by grants from the Novo Nordisk Foundation (grant numbers NNF14CC0001 and NNF21OC0068988) and has a paid position on the scientific advisory board of ZS Associates unrelated to the submitted work. J.T. has received speaking and/or consulting fees from Versantis, Gore, Boehringer Ingelheim, Alexion, Falk, Grifols, CSL Behring, and Genfit. M.Ka. is a full-time employee and stockholder at Nordic Bioscience. H.I. is a full-time employee and stockholder at Nordic Rebalance that produces ReFerm®. T.H. Stockholder at Novo Nordisk. Research support; Novo Nordisk, GSK. M.T. is funded by a grant from the Novo Nordisk Foundation (DECIDE, grant number NNF20OC0059393). Received speaker’s fee from Novo Nordisk, Echosens, Madrigal, and Takeda. Advisory fee from Boehringer Ingelheim, Astra Zeneca, Novo Nordisk, and GSK. Co-founder of Evido. Received an investigator-initiated grant from GSK. A.K. has served as a speaker for Novo Nordisk, Norgine, Siemens, and Nordic Bioscience and participated in advisory boards for Norgine, Siemens, Resalis Therapeutics, Boehringer Ingelheim, and Novo Nordisk, all outside the submitted work. Research support: Norgine, Siemens, Nordic Bioscience, Astra, Echosens. Board member and co-founder of Evido. All other authors declare no competing interests.