Montoliu-Gaya, Laia https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7684-6318
Bian, Shijia
Dammer, Eric B. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2947-7606
Alcolea, Daniel https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3819-3245
Sauer, Mathias
Martá-Ariza, Mitchell https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2121-7685
Ashton, Nicholas J.
Belbin, Olivia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6109-6371
Fuchs, Johannes https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9317-6969
Watson, Caroline M. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6574-0833
Ping, Lingyan
Duong, Duc M.
Nilsson, Johanna https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2856-6060
Barroeta, Isabel
Lantero-Rodriguez, Juan https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7426-678X
Videla, Laura https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9748-8465
Benejam, Bessy
Roberts, Blaine R. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5466-0053
Blennow, Kaj https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1890-4193
Seyfried, Nicholas T. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4507-624X
Levey, Allan I. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3153-502X
Carmona-Iragui, María
Gobom, Johan https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6193-6193
Lleó, Alberto https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2568-5478
Wisniewski, Thomas https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3379-8966
Zetterberg, Henrik https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3930-4354
Fortea, Juan https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1340-638X
Johnson, Erik C. B. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0604-2944
Article History
Received: 12 May 2025
Accepted: 11 June 2025
First Online: 1 July 2025
Competing interests
: E.C.B.J. has served on an advisory board for Eli Lilly and has received royalties from EmTheraPro (outside submitted work). J.F. reported receiving personal fees for service on the advisory boards, adjudication committees or speaker honoraria from AC Immune, Adamed, Alzheon, Biogen, Eisai, Esteve, Fujirebio, Ionis, Laboratorios Carnot, Life Molecular Imaging, Lilly, Lundbeck, Perha, Roche and outside the submitted work. O.B., D.A., A.L., and J.F. report holding a patent for markers of synaptopathy in neurodegenerative disease (WO2019175379, applicant Fundació Institut de Recerca de L’hospital de la Santa Creu, Sant Pau, “Markers of synaptopathy in neurodegenerative diseases”, EP19709749.6, priority date 16/3/2018, patent pending, inventors O Belbin, A Lleó, A Bayés, J Fortea, and D Alcolea, licensed to ADX NeuroSciences, N.V. EPI8382175.0 to develop antibodies and immunoassays for Calsyntenin-1, GluR2, GluR4, Neuroligin-2, neurexin-2a, neurexin-3a, syntaxin-1b, thy-1, tenascin-r, and vamp-2). N.T.S. and A.I.L. are founders of EmTheraPro (outside submitted work). H.Z. has served at scientific advisory boards and/or as a consultant for Abbvie, Acumen, Alector, Alzinova, ALZPath, Annexon, Apellis, Artery Therapeutics, AZTherapies, Cognito Therapeutics, CogRx, Denali, Eisai, Nervgen, Novo Nordisk, Optoceutics, Passage Bio, Pinteon Therapeutics, Prothena, Red Abbey Labs, reMYND, Roche, Samumed, Siemens Healthineers, Triplet Therapeutics, and Wave, has given lectures in symposia sponsored by Cellectricon, Fujirebio, Alzecure, Biogen, and Roche, and is a co-founder of Brain Biomarker Solutions in Gothenburg AB (BBS), which is a part of the GU Ventures Incubator Program (outside submitted work). K.B. has served as a consultant, on advisory boards, or at data monitoring committees for Abcam, Axon, BioArctic, Biogen, and JOMDD/Shimadzu. Julius Clinical, Lilly, MagQu, Novartis, Ono Pharma, Pharmatrophix, Prothena, Roche Diagnostics, and Siemens Healthineers, and is a co-founder of Brain Biomarker Solutions in Gothenburg AB (BBS), which is a part of the GU Ventures Incubator Program, outside the work presented in this paper. T.W. has served as a consultant or on data monitoring committees for Acumen, Biogen, Grifols, Lilly and ProMIS Neurosciences. The remaining authors declare no competing interests.