Rajendran, Suraj https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8149-0157
Rehani, Eeshaan https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4225-3121
Phu, William
Zhan, Qiansheng https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7130-7606
Malmsten, Jonas E. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6740-6548
Meseguer, Marcos
Miller, Kathleen A. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0352-470X
Rosenwaks, Zev
Elemento, Olivier https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8061-9617
Zaninovic, Nikica
Hajirasouliha, Iman https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0600-3371
Funding for this research was provided by:
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of General Medical Sciences (R35GM138152)
National Science Foundation (1000331235)
Article History
Received: 20 November 2024
Accepted: 13 June 2025
First Online: 11 July 2025
Competing interests
: O.E. is a scientific adviser for, and an equity holder in, Freenome, Owkin, Volastra Therapeutics, OneThree Biotech, Genetic Intelligence, Acuamark DX, Harmonic Discovery, and Champions Oncology, and has received funding from Eli Lilly, Johnson & Johnson–Janssen, Sanofi, AstraZeneca, and Volastra. N.Z. is a paid consultant for AIVF and Fairtility, and is on the advisory board of, and has equity in, Alife Health. I.H. is a consultant and is on the advisory board of Noor Sciences. M.M. received speaker fees from Merck, Vitrolife, Ferring, Theramex, and Gideon Richter. K.A.M. serves as a paid consultant and advisory board member for Fairtility and Alife Health (holding equity), and as a scientific board member for Genomic Prediction and Igenomix. The remaining authors declare no competing interests.