Yu, Lei
Wang, Jing
Zhou, Tao https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8093-7666
Huang, Weiyuan https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7035-2210
Li, Tianyi https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6234-6096
Ma, Lu
Xiao, Xianghui https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7142-3452
Son, Seoung-Bum https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3723-6186
Ehrlich, Steven N.
Wen, Jianguo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3755-0044
Amine, Khalil https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9206-3719
Liu, Tongchao https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6010-3891
Funding for this research was provided by:
DOE | Office of Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy | Vehicle Technologies Office
Article History
Received: 2 June 2024
Accepted: 18 June 2025
First Online: 15 July 2025
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.