Lee, Keun-Wook
Mahalingam, Devalingam https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2979-9894
Shim, Byoung Yong https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6473-786X
Kim, In-Ho
Oh, Do-Youn
Uronis, Hope
Sym, Sun Jin
Sonbol, Mohamad
Almhanna, Khaldoun
Tejani, Mohamedtaki A.
Kang, Beodeul
Kagey, Michael H.
Stilian, Melissa
Jia, Calvin https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8732-6035
Sirard, Cynthia A. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4856-4457
Ajani, Jaffer A. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9946-0629
Klempner, Samuel J. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4062-0808
Article History
Received: 9 August 2024
Accepted: 23 June 2025
First Online: 10 July 2025
Competing interests
: K.W.L. reports research funding to his institution for conducting clinical trials from Leap Therapeutics in relation to this manuscript. He also reported research funding to his institution for conducting clinical trials from MSD, AstraZeneca, Ono Pharmaceutical, Roche, Merck KGaA, BeiGene, Astellas Pharma, Amgen, Daiichi Sankyo, ALX Oncology, GlaxoSmithKline, Macrogenics, Taiho Pharmaceutical, Seagen, Y-BIOLOGICS, Bolt Biotherapeutics, Trishula Therapeutics, InventisBio, MedPacto, Ildong Pharmaceutical, Genome & Company, Arcus Biosciences, Elevar Therapeutics, Jazz Pharmaceuticals, TRIO Oncology, Exelixis, IgM Biosciences, Panolos Bioscience, Metafines, Wellmarker Bio, Medicenna, and Erasca; consulting fees from Daiichi Sankyo, MSD, Astellas Pharma, AbbVie, and Metafines; honoraria for lectures or presentations from Sanofi/Aventis, Astellas Pharma, Bayer, Daiichi Sankyo, and Merck KGaA. D.M. has received research funding from Amgen, Merck, Oncolytics and Rafael; scientific advisory board for Actuate, Qurient, and an advisory/speaker bureau for Amgen, BMS, Eisai, and Exelixis; has received funding paid to their institution from Acepodia, Actuate Therapeutics, ADC Therapeutics, Amgen, AVEO, Bayer, Blueprint Medicines, BMS, BioNTech, Dialectic Therapeutics, Epizyme, Fujifilm, ImmuneSensor, Immune-Onc Therapeutics, Leap Therapeutics, Lycera Corp, Merck, Millennium, MiNA Alpha, NGM Biopharmaceuticals, Novartis, Oncolytics, Orano Med, Puma, Qurient, Rafael, Repare Therapeutics, Triumvira Immunologics, Vigeo Therapeutics, Warewolf Therapeutics. H.J.C. has received honoraria from Eisai, Roche, ONO, MSD, Bristol Myers Squibb, BeiGene, Sanofi, Servier, AstraZeneca, Aptamer Science, and Boryung; served on advisory boards for Eisai, Roche, ONO, MSD, Bristol Myers Squibb, BeiGene, Servier, AstraZeneca, Boryung, IMBDx, and Aptamer Science; and received research grants from Roche, BeiGene, IMBDx, Dong-A ST, and Boryung Pharmaceuticals. M.H.K., M.S., C.J., and C.A.S. are employees of Leap Therapeutics and report stock ownership in Leap Therapeutics. S.J.K. has served a consultant/advisory role for Bristol Myers Squibb, Merck, Roche, Astellas, Daiichi-Sankyo, Pieris, Natera, Novartis, AstraZeneca, Mersana, Sanofi-Aventis, I-Mab, Taiho Oncology, Eisai, Gilead, BeiGene, and Elevation Oncology, Boehringer-Ingelheim. S.J.K. reports research support (institutional) from Arcus Biosciences, I-Mab, AstraZeneca, Parabilis, Debbie’s Dream Foundation, Degregorio Foundation, StandUp2Cancer, AACR, NIH/NCI, Gastric Cancer Foundation, and the Korean Ministry of Health. The remaining authors declare no competing interests.