LaVerriere, Emily
Johnson, Zachary M.
Shieh, Meg https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0483-5000
Nziza, Nadege
Alter, Galit https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7680-9215
Buckee, Caroline O. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8386-5899
Crompton, Peter D. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5629-0412
Traore, Boubacar
Tran, Tuan M. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1928-861X
Neafsey, Daniel E. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1665-9323
Funding for this research was provided by:
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health (R01AI141544)
The original Mali cohort study was funded by the Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health.
Article History
Received: 16 December 2024
Accepted: 21 June 2025
First Online: 15 July 2025
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.