Chen, Zhenhang https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5803-9491
Quirit Dudley, Jeanne
Deniston, Colin
Buffalo, Cosmo Z.
Patra, Debjani https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4343-4645
Cao, Dongdong https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2031-9321
Hunt, Julia
Rohaim, Ahmed
Sengupta, Debapriya
Wen, Lan
Tsang, Tiffany
Xie, Lili https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7604-2037
DiDonato, Michael https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9074-7284
Spraggon, Glen
Clifton, Matthew C.
Jarrousse, Nadine
Straimer, Judith
Liang, Bo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5617-9228
Funding for this research was provided by:
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of General Medical Sciences (U24GM116789)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of General Medical Sciences (U24GM129539)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (U19AI171413)
Article History
Received: 13 August 2024
Accepted: 1 July 2025
First Online: 19 July 2025
Competing interests
: The Authors declare the following competing interests: J.Q.D., C.D., C.Z.B., D.P., A.R., D.S., T.T., L.X., M.D., G.S., M.C.C., N.J., and J.S. are employees of Novartis Pharma AG and some own shares in Novartis Pharma AG. The remaining authors declare no competing interests.