Document is current

Article History

Received: 2 February 2024

Accepted: 2 July 2025

First Online: 24 July 2025

Competing interests

: C.C.W. reports research support from Medical Imaging and Data Resource Center from NIBIB/University of Chicago and royalties from Elsevier. T.C. reports speaker fees/honoraria from AstraZeneca, Bristol Myers Squibb, Clinical Care Options, IDEOlogy Health, Mark Foundation for Cancer Research, Medscape, OncLive, PeerView, Physicians’ Education Resource, Roche, Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer; advisory role/consulting fees from Arrowhead Pharmaceuticals, Bristol Myers Squibb, Genentech, MedImmune/AstraZeneca, Merck, Pfizer, Regeneron; institutional research funding from Bristol Myers Squibb, EMD Serono, MedImmune/AstraZeneca; and travel, food and/or beverage expenses from AstraZeneca, Bristol Myers Squibb, Dava Oncology, Genentech, IDEOlogy Health, International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer, OncLive, Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Physicians’ Education Resource, Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer, all outside of the submitted work. X.L. reports receiving consultant and advisory fee from Eli Lilly, AstraZeneca, EMD Serono, Daiishi Sanko, Spectrum Therapeutics, Boehringer Ingelheim, Hengrui Therapeutics, Novartis, and research funding from Eli Lilly, Boehringer Ingelheim, all outside of the submitted work. J.Y.C has received travel sponsorship from Accuray and Varian MedicalSystems, and grants from Varian Medical Systems, outside the submitted work. D.L.G. reports honoraria for scientific advisory boards from AstraZeneca, Sanofi, Alethia Biotherapeutics, Menarini, Eli Lilly, 4D Pharma and Onconova, and research support from Janssen, Takeda, Astellas, Ribon Therapeutics, NGM Biopharmaceuticals, Boehringer Ingelheim, Mirati Therapeutics and AstraZeneca, all outside of the submitted work. J.F.G. has served as a compensated consultant or received honoraria from Bristol-Myers Squibb, Genentech/Roche, Takeda, Loxo/Lilly, Blueprint, AstraZeneca, Gilead, Moderna, AstraZeneca, Curie Therapeutics, Mirati, Nuvalent, Pfizer, Novartis, Merck, iTeos, Karyopharm, Silverback Therapeutics, and GlydeBio; research support from Novartis, Genentech/Roche, and Takeda; institutional research support from Bristol-Myers Squibb, Tesaro, Moderna, Blueprint, Jounce, Array Biopharma, Merck, Adaptimmune, Novartis, and Alexo; and has an immediate family member who is an employee with equity at Ironwood Pharmaceuticals. J.V.H. reports receiving advisory/consulting fees from AstraZeneca, Boehringer-Ingeheim, Catalyst, Genentech, GlaxoSmithKline, Guardant Health, Foundation Medicine, Hengrui Therapeutics, Eli Lilly, Novartis, Spectrum, Sanofi, Takeda Pharmaceuticals, Mirati Therapeutics, Bristiol-Myers Squibb, BrightPath Biotherapeutics, Janssen Global Services, Nexus Health Systems, EMD Serono, Pneuma Respiratory, Kairos Venture Investments, Leads Biolabs, RefleXion, and research funding from GlaxoSmithKline, AstraZeneca, Spectrum, all outside of the submitted work. Y.L. reports research funding from Merck, MacroGenics, Tolero Pharmaceuticals, AstraZeneca, Vaccinex, Blueprint Medicines, Harpoon Therapeutics, Sun Pharma Advanced Research, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Kyowa Pharmaceuticals, Tesaro, Bayer HealthCare, Mirati Therapeutics, Daiichi Sankyo. Scientific Advisory boards for AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals, Janssen Pharmaceutical, Lilly Oncology, Turning point therapeutics. Consultation fee from AstraZeneca. Honorarium from Clarion Health Care. N.I.V. receives consulting fees from Regeneron, Amgen, Xencor, Astra Zeneca, Tempus, Pfizer, Summit, OncoHost, Guardant, ImmunityBio, and research funding from EMD Serono, IDEAYA, Amgen, Summit, Regeneron, Sanofi, BMS, and OncoHost, outside the submitted work. J.Z. reports grants from Merck, Novartis, Johnson and Johnson, personal fees from BMS, AZ, Novartis, Johnson and Johnson, GenePlus, Hengrui, Innovent, outside the submitted work. J.W. reports research funding from Siemens Healthcare. The other authors declare no competing interests in the submitted work.