Li, Alexander Zhan Tu
LiWang, Andy https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4741-6946
Subramaniam, Anand Bala https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1998-9299
Funding for this research was provided by:
NSF | Directorate for Mathematical & Physical Sciences | Division of Materials Research (DMR-1848573, DMR-1625733)
National Science Foundation (NSF-HRD-1547848)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of General Medical Sciences (R35GM144110)
United States Department of Defense | United States Army | U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (W911NF-23-1-0248)
Article History
Received: 5 November 2024
Accepted: 30 June 2025
First Online: 21 July 2025
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.