Sinha, Irika R. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6440-7019
Sandal, Parker S. https://orcid.org/0009-0006-4452-2400
Spence, Holly https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1628-6790
Burns, Grace D.
Mallika, Aswathy Peethambaran https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0303-5156
Abbasinejad, Fatemeh https://orcid.org/0009-0006-3239-7112
Irwin, Katherine E.
Cruz, Anna Lourdes F.
Wang, Vania
Marx, Shaelyn R.
RodrĂguez, JosuĂ© Llamas
Langmead, Ben https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2437-1976
Gregory, Jenna M. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3337-4079
Wong, Philip C. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8162-3274
Ling, Jonathan P. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1927-9729
Funding for this research was provided by:
Alzheimer's Association
Johns Hopkins | SOM, JHU | Robert Packard Center for ALS Research, Johns Hopkins University
Target ALS
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | U.S. Food and Drug Administration (1U01FD008129)
National Science Foundation (DGE2139757, OAC1920103)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health (R01NS095969, UH3NS115608, R33NS115161, R01NS127186)
Article History
Received: 22 August 2024
Accepted: 9 July 2025
First Online: 25 July 2025
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.