Zhu, Hanlin https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8119-6871
He, Fei
Zolotavin, Pavlo
Patel, Saumil
Tolias, Andreas S. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4305-6376
Luan, Lan https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5327-2240
Xie, Chong https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5544-2864
Article History
Received: 18 November 2024
Accepted: 2 July 2025
First Online: 4 August 2025
Competing interests
: C.X. and L.L. are co-inventors on a patent filed by The University of Texas (WO2019051163A1, March 14, 2019) on the ultraflexible neural electrode technology. L.L., C.X., and P.Z. hold equity ownership in Neuralthread, Inc., an entity that is licensing this technology. The remaining authors declare no competing interests.