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Authors
Akpulu, Chinenye https://orcid.org/0009-0008-6869-1895
Yakubu, Rashida
Tukur, Fatima
Yusuf, Ashiru H. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7782-3967
Kassim, Aisha
Mukaddas, Aisha
Adeleye, Adeola
Alkali, Fatima
Maduekwe, Augustine O.
Nsude, Queen
Asunugwo, Vivian
Okenu, Mary-Joe
Yakubu, Samuel
Audu, Lamidi https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9836-2717
Amsa, Mairami
Modibbo, Fatima Isa
Thomson, Kathryn
Achi, Chioma R.
Iregbu, Kenneth C. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4780-0497
Walsh, Timothy R.
Sands, Kirsty https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5049-4481
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Article History
Received: 29 March 2025
Accepted: 11 July 2025
First Online: 22 July 2025
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: Full ethical approval was sought before BARNARDS began in 2015 to collect the samples and patient data from 2015 to 2017. All research was carried out in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. To discuss BARNARDS with Nigerian staff, additional ethics within the University of Oxford was approved in June 2022 (OxTREC 522-22).
