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Authors
Chen, Shiwei https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1666-4947
Li, Jiapeng https://orcid.org/0009-0008-5326-9632
Deng, Zhiming
Wang, Peiji https://orcid.org/0009-0001-6223-3008
Wei, Cheng https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7025-3279
Cao, Xibin https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6923-0395
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Article History
Received: 7 November 2024
Accepted: 13 July 2025
First Online: 23 July 2025
Competing interests
: S.C., P.W., and C.W. are inventors of an invention disclosure of the patent filed by the Harbin Institute of Technology (ZL 202311262707.5, granted on 17 January 2025) related to multimodal perception principles in this work. The remaining authors declare no competing interests.
