Liu, Yidong
Kang, Zhaoqi
Xu, Rong
Hou, Shuang
Gong, Lingru
Guo, Leilei
Gao, Kaiyu
Xu, Xianzhi
Tan, Xiaoxu
Xiao, Dan
Zhang, Wen https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0821-7143
Wang, Gang
Ou, Shaowu
Hu, Jinqu
Liu, Jiyuan
Lü, Chuanjuan
Ma, Cuiqing
Xu, Ping https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4418-9680
Gao, Chao https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5205-0670
Article History
Received: 5 February 2025
Accepted: 16 July 2025
First Online: 26 July 2025
Competing interests
: C.G., Y.L., Z.K., R.X., C.L., C.M., and P.X. have submitted a patent application to the China National Intellectual Property Administration pertaining to the development and application of the biosensor reported in this work (application number 2024104094355). The remaining authors declare no competing interests.