Chen, Chi https://orcid.org/0009-0006-7466-7870
Liu, Zixiao https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1161-1803
Shi, Pengju
Zhao, Yusen
Duan, Sidi
Du, Yingjie
Yan, Yichen
Si, Muqing
Iwasaki, Tetsuya
He, Ximin https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8845-4637
Funding for this research was provided by:
American Chemical Society (GR-63402)
United States Department of Defense | United States Navy | Office of Naval Research (N000142412187, N000142212595)
Johnson&Johnson WISTEM2D Scholar award; the Moore Foundation Award
Article History
Received: 30 January 2025
Accepted: 14 July 2025
First Online: 15 August 2025
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.