Johnson, Rebecca M. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4285-9177
Breban, Mallery I. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8976-9988
Nolan, Braiya L.
Sodeinde, Afeez
Ott, Isabel M. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7134-0956
Ross, Perran A. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7645-7523
Gu, Xinyue https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0591-0356
Grubaugh, Nathan D. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2031-1933
Perkins, T. Alex https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7518-4014
Brackney, Doug E. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6486-3134
Vogels, Chantal B. F. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0027-6480
Funding for this research was provided by:
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (UL1 TR001863)
Ambrose Monell Foundation
Trumbull College Richter Fellowship
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health (T32AI055403)
National Science Foundation (DGE-2139841)
Department of Education and Training | Australian Research Council (DE230100067)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of General Medical Sciences (R35GM143029)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (AI148477)
Article History
Received: 17 February 2025
Accepted: 18 July 2025
First Online: 29 July 2025
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.