Mastenbroek, Sophie E. https://orcid.org/0009-0006-2759-9588
Collij, Lyduine E. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6263-1762
Vogel, Jacob W. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6394-9940
Caldera, Serena
Serrano, Geidy E.
Adler, Charles H.
Vargiu, Claudia Marina https://orcid.org/0009-0009-2921-6829
Palmqvist, Sebastian https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9267-1930
Barkhof, Frederik https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3543-3706
Parchi, Piero https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9444-9524
Beach, Thomas G.
Ossenkoppele, Rik https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1584-7477
Hansson, Oskar https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8467-7286
Article History
Received: 21 February 2025
Accepted: 21 July 2025
First Online: 5 August 2025
Competing interests
: O.H. is an employee of Eli Lilly and Lund University, and he has previously acquired research support (for Lund University) from AVID Radiopharmaceuticals, Biogen, C2N Diagnostics, Eli Lilly, Eisai, Fujirebio, GE Healthcare, and Roche. In the past 2 years, he has received consultancy/speaker fees from Alzpath, BioArctic, Biogen, Bristol Meyer Squibb, Eisai, Eli Lilly, Fujirebio, Merck, Novartis, Novo Nordisk, Roche, Sanofi and Siemens. L.E.C. has received research support from GE Healthcare (paid to institution). SP has acquired research support (for the institution) from Avid and ki elements through ADDF. In the past 2 years, he has received consultancy/speaker fees from Bioartic, Biogen, Esai, Eli Lilly, Novo Nordisk, and Roche. F.B. acts as a consultant for Biogen-Idec, IXICO, Merck-Serono, Novartis, Combinostics, and Roche. He has received grants, or grants are pending, from the Amyloid Imaging to Prevent Alzheimer’s Disease (AMYPAD) initiative, the Biomedical Research Centre at University College London Hospitals, the Dutch MS Society, ECTRIMS–MAGNIMS, EU-H2020, the Dutch Research Council (NWO), the UK MS Society, and the National Institute for Health Research, University College London. He has received payments for the development of educational presentations from Ixico and his institution from Biogen-Idec and Merck. He is on the editorial board of Radiology, European Neuroradiology, Multiple Sclerosis Journal, and Neurology. Is on the board of directors of Queen Square Analytics. R.O. has received research support from Avid Radiopharmaceuticals, has given lectures in symposia sponsored by GE Healthcare and is an editorial board member of Alzheimer’s Research & Therapy and the European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging. T.G.B. is a consultant for Aprinoia Therapeutics, Biogen and Avid Radiopharmaceuticals. The remaining authors declare no competing interests.