Hu, Yaowen https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0127-1959
Song, Yunxiang https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3879-4777
Zhu, Xinrui
Guo, Xiangwen
Lu, Shengyuan
Zhang, Qihang
He, Lingyan
Franken, Cornelis A. A.
Powell, Keith
Warner, Hana https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5068-2885
Assumpcao, Daniel https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0374-9901
Renaud, Dylan https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7709-9606
Wang, Ying
Magalhães, Letícia
Rosborough, Victoria
Shams-Ansari, Amirhassan
Li, Xudong
Cheng, Rebecca https://orcid.org/0009-0007-8954-9495
Luke, Kevin
Yang, Kiyoul https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0587-3201
Barbastathis, George https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4140-1404
Zhang, Mian
Zhu, Di https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0210-1860
Johansson, Leif
Beling, Andreas
Sinclair, Neil
Lončar, Marko https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5029-5017
Funding for this research was provided by:
United States Department of Defense | Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (HR0011-20-C-0137)
National Science Foundation (OMA-2137723)
United States Department of Defense | United States Navy | ONR | Office of Naval Research Global (N00014-22-C-1041)
National Aeronautics and Space Administration (231180A/80NSSC22K0262)
National Research Foundation Singapore (NRF2022-QEP2-01-P07, NRF-NRFF15-2023-0005)
Article History
Received: 13 January 2025
Accepted: 28 July 2025
First Online: 1 September 2025
Competing interests
: L.H., Y.W., K.L., M.Z., and M.L. are involved in developing lithium niobate technologies at HyperLight Corporation. The remaining authors declare no competing interests.