Document is current
Any future updates will be listed below
-
Authors
Molokanova, Elena https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8117-8174
Zhou, Teng https://orcid.org/0009-0001-6760-9190
Vasupal, Pragna https://orcid.org/0009-0006-4948-3922
Cherkas, Volodymyr P. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0877-5081
Narute, Prashant https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4057-2348
Ferraz, Mariana S. A.
Reiss, Michael https://orcid.org/0009-0009-2885-2276
Almenar-Queralt, Angels
Chaldaiopoulou, Georgia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0142-6113
de Souza, Janaina Sena https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3904-7458
Hemati, Honieh https://orcid.org/0009-0008-1992-7339
Downey, Francisco
Olajide, Omowuyi O. https://orcid.org/0009-0002-5398-531X
Thörn Perez, Carolina https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3480-8599
Puppo, Francesca
Mesci, Pinar
Pfaff, Samuel L. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2142-166X
Kireev, Dmitry https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1499-5435
Muotri, Alysson R. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0867-2875
Savchenko, Alex https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9330-1309
-
Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Mental Health (1R43MH124563, 1R01MH128365, MH123828)
California Institute for Regenerative Medicine (DISC2-13866)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute on Aging (1R43AG076088)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute on Drug Abuse (5R44DA050393)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (1R43NS122666, R01NS123642)
Long-term program of support of the Ukrainian research teams at the Polish Academy of Sciences
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (1R01ES033636)
- License Information
-
More Information
Article History
Received: 29 September 2024
Accepted: 25 July 2025
First Online: 20 August 2025
Competing interests
: A.S. and E.M. are co-founders of Nanotools Bioscience, a company focused on exploring the optoelectronic properties of graphene for biomedical applications and developing the tools and technologies for enabling these applications. E.M. is the inventor and applicant on patents (US10137150B2, US10688127B2, CN106458601B, JP6635383B2, EP3157866B1) related to the graphene-based optical stimulation technology, and its applications, including its use for driving activity-dependent maturation of stem cell-derived cells. A.R.M is a co-founder and has an equity interest in TISMOO, a company dedicated to genetic analysis and brain organoid modeling focusing on therapeutic applications customized for autism spectrum disorder and other neurological disorders with genetic origins. The terms of this arrangement have been reviewed and approved by the University of California San Diego in accordance with its conflict-of-interest policies. E.M., A.S., and A.R.M. declare no other competing interests. The remaining authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.
: This study does not involve experiment involving animals, human participants, or clinical samples. All research presented in this manuscript was conducted in accordance with ethical guidelines and best practices for scientific integrity and responsible collaboration. No part of the study involved research in resource-limited settings or populations from low- or middle-income countries. All contributors to this work were properly credited for their efforts and intellectual input.
