Xie, Liangjun https://orcid.org/0009-0008-4695-9109
Tong, Haoyang
Peng, Guyang
Wu, Hao
Shi, Wenjing
Yu, Kuai
Hu, Jinsuo
Jiao, Lei
Dong, Xingyan
Guo, Fengkai https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3053-5551
Cai, Wei
Zhang, Yang
Wu, Haijun https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7303-379X
Liu, Zihang https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2040-1632
Sui, Jiehe https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4906-9183
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (52472250)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (52172128)
Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province (LH2023E032)
State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials (20232507)
Article History
Received: 22 April 2025
Accepted: 4 August 2025
First Online: 12 August 2025
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.