Loeffler, Chiara M. L.
Bando, Hideaki https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5041-2765
Sainath, Srividhya
Muti, Hannah Sophie
Jiang, Xiaofeng https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3716-8232
van Treeck, Marko
Reitsam, Nic Gabriel https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0070-3158
Carrero, Zunamys I. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8501-1566
Meneghetti, Asier Rabasco https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1508-9410
Nishikawa, Tomomi
Misumi, Toshihiro
Mishima, Saori
Kotani, Daisuke https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4196-555X
Taniguchi, Hiroya https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1407-6682
Takemasa, Ichiro
Kato, Takeshi
Oki, Eiji https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9763-9366
Tanwei, Yuan https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7387-6327
Durgesh, Wankhede
Foersch, Sebastian https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4740-6900
Brenner, Hermann https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6129-1572
Hoffmeister, Michael https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8307-3197
Nakamura, Yoshiaki https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5241-6855
Yoshino, Takayuki https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0489-4756
Kather, Jakob Nikolas https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3730-5348
Article History
Received: 19 September 2024
Accepted: 4 August 2025
First Online: 14 August 2025
Competing interests
: C.M.L.L reports honoraria from AstraZeneca. H.B reports research funding from Ono Pharmaceutical and honoraria from Ono Pharmaceutical, Eli Lilly Japan, and Taiho Pharmaceutical. T.M reports honoraria from Chugai, AstraZeneca, and Miyarisan. S.M reports honoraria from Taiho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., and Eli Lilly CO, Ltd. D.K reports honoraria from Takeda, Chugai, Lilly, MSD, Ono, Seagen, Guardant Health, Eisai, Taiho, Bristol Myers Squibb, Daiichi-Sankyo, Pfizer, Merckbiopharma, and Sysmex: research funding from Ono, MSD, Novartis, Servier, Janssen, IQVIA, Syneoshealth, CIMIC, and Cimicshiftzero. H.T reports speakers’ bureau from MSD K.K, Merck Biopharma, Takeda, Taiho, Lilly Japan, Bristol-Myers Squibb Japan, Chugai Pharmaceutical, Ono Yakuhin, Amgen; research funding from Takeda, Daiichi Sankyo. I.T reports speakers’ bureau from Medtronic, Johnson &Johnson, Intuitive, Medicaroid, Eli Lilly and research funding from Medtronic, sysmex. S.F has received honoraria from MSD and BMS. T.K reports nothing to declare. E.O reports speakers’ bureau from Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Bristol Meyers, Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Eli Lilly, Takeda Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.; research funding from Guardant Health, Inc.; advisory role from Glaxosmithkline plc. Y.N reports advisory role from Guardant Health Pte Ltd., Natera, Inc., Roche Ltd., Seagen, Inc., Premo Partners, Inc., Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., Takeda Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Exact Sciences Corporation, and Gilead Sciences, Inc.; speakers’ bureau from Guardant Health Pte Ltd., MSD K.K., Eisai Co., Ltd., Zeria Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Miyarisan Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Merck Biopharma Co., Ltd., CareNet, Inc., Hisamitsu Pharmaceutical Co., Inc., Taiho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., and Becton, Dickinson and Company, Guardant Health Japan Corp; research funding from Seagen,Inc., Genomedia Inc., Guardant Health AMEA, Inc., Guardant Health, Inc., Tempus Labs, Inc., Roche Diagnostics K.K., Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., and Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. T.Y.o reports honoraria from Taiho, Chugai, Eli Lilly, Merck, Bayer Yakuhin, Ono and MSD, and research funding from Ono, Sanofi, Daiichi Sankyo, Parexel, Pfizer, Taiho, MSD, Amgen, Genomedia, Sysmex, Chugai and Nippon Boehringer Ingelheim. S.S. The remaining authors declare no competing interests. J.N.K declares consulting services for Owkin, France; DoMore Diagnostics, Norway; Panakeia, UK; Scailyte, Switzerland; Mindpeak, Germany; and MultiplexDx, Slovakia. Furthermore, he holds shares in StratifAI GmbH, Germany, has received a research grant by GSK, and has received honoraria by AstraZeneca, Bayer, Eisai, Janssen, MSD, BMS, Roche, Pfizer and Fresenius. All the other authors report nothing to declare.