Maybin, Jacqueline A. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1560-2840
Walker, Catherine
Watters, Marianne https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2763-3815
Homer, Natalie ZM. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9262-2098
Simpson, Joanna P. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0939-8487
Robb, Cara
Gibson, Douglas A. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9949-1983
Jeanjean, Luna
Critchley, Hilary O. D. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1913-4044
Kountourides, Gabriella
Olszewska, Zuzanna
Alvergne, Alexandra https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3151-9919
Funding for this research was provided by:
Wellcome Trust (209589/Z/17/Z)
Royal Society of Edinburgh (R47180)
Wellbeing of Women (RTF1103)
RCUK | Medical Research Council (G1002033, MR/N022556/1)
Article History
Received: 21 May 2025
Accepted: 4 August 2025
First Online: 16 September 2025
Competing interests
: The authors declare the following non-financial competing interests: H.O.D.C. has received clinical research support for laboratory consumables and staff from Bayer AG and provides consultancy advice (all paid to the institution; no personal remuneration) to Bayer AG, PregLem SA, Gedeon Richter, Vifor Pharma UK Ltd, AbbVie Inc. and Myovant Sciences GmbH. H.O.D.C. has received royalties from UpToDate for an article on abnormal uterine bleeding. J.A.M. has provided consultancy advice (with no personal remuneration) to Gedeon Richter and is a program director at Wellcome Leap. None of these CoI relates to the work described in this manuscript. The remaining authors declare no competing interests.