Lampe, George D. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2873-2372
Liang, Ashley R. https://orcid.org/0009-0004-1465-9743
Zhang, Dennis J. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6871-9842
Fernández, Israel S. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7218-1603
Sternberg, Samuel H. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8240-9114
Funding for this research was provided by:
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Human Genome Research Institute (DP2HG011650)
Article History
Received: 6 September 2024
Accepted: 11 August 2025
First Online: 23 August 2025
Competing interests
: Columbia University has filed a patent application related to this work. G.D.L., A.R.L., D.J.Z., and S.H.S. are inventors on other patents and patent applications related to CRISPR–Cas systems and uses thereof (application numbers US20240279629, US20250163410, WO2020181264, WO2022261122, WO2022266492, WO2023245010, WO2024124048, WO2025029727, WO2025085782, WO2025085787). S.H.S. is a co-founder of and scientific advisor to Dahlia Biosciences, a scientific advisor to Prime Medicine and CrisprBits and an equity holder in Dahlia Biosciences and CrisprBits. The remaining authors declare no competing interests.